צָבָא

H6635. tsaba
צָבָא :485 noun masculine2Ch 28:9 (possibly feminine Isa 10:2; Isa 40:2; Dan 8:12, but see AlbrZAW xv (1895), 319; BevDn) army, war, warfare; — absolute ׳צ Num 1:3 + (מִצָּבָה Zec 9:8); construct צְבָא Num 10:15 +; suffix צְבָאִי Job 14:14; צְבָאֲךָ Jdg 8:9; Jdg 9:29; צְבָיָו Psa 103:21; Psa 148:2 (Kt צבאו; so read probably in both), etc.; plural צְבָאוֺת Num 20:9 278t.; construct צִבְאוֺת Exo 12:41 Exo 12:2t.; suffix צִבְאֹתַי Exo 7:4; צִבְאֹתָם Exo 6:26 +, etc.; —
1 army, host:
a. organized for war Jdg 8:6; Jdg 9:29 (J) Isa 34:2; Jer 51:3; 2Ch 28:9; צְבָאוֺ his host Num 2:4, Num 2:6 Num 2:10t. 2 (P), לְצִבְאֹתָם Num 1:3, Num 1:52; Num 2:3, Num 2:9 Num 2:11t. Num 2:10; Num 33:1 (P); הצ ׳אַלְפֵי Num 31:48 (P); ׳צ ישׂראל2Ch 25:7; (ה)צ ׳חֵיל 1Ch 20:1; 2Ch 26:13; צ ׳גְּדוּדֵי 1Ch 7:4; כלהֿצבא 2Sa 3:23; 2Sa 10:7; 1Ch 19:8; 2Ch 26:14; שַׂר ׳(ה)צ captain of (the) host Gen 21:22, Gen 21:32 (E) Gen 26:26 (J) Jdg 4:2, Jdg 4:7; 1Sa 12:9 1Sa 12:21t.; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבא 1Ki 1:25 (but read שַׂר), 1Ch 25:1; 1Ch 26:26; 2Ch 33:11; בצ ׳שָׂרִים 1Ch 12:22; שָׂרֵי (ה)צבאות Deu 20:9; 1Ki 2:5; 1Ch 27:3; הצ ׳רָאשֵׁי 1Ch 12:14; צבאות מַלְכֵי Psa 68:13; עַל ׳(ה)צ over the host (as captain) Num 10:14-15, Num 10:10t. Numbers 10 (P), 2Sa 8:16 = 1Ch 18:15; 2Sa 17:25; 1Ki 2:35; 1Ki 4:4; הצ ׳כל אלֿ 2Sa 20:23 (אל for על); עַלצִֿבְאֹתָם Exo 6:26; Exo 12:51 (P); צבאות הוציא lead out armies Exo 7:4; Exo 12:17 (P); צ ׳יצא army goes forth (to war) Exo 12:41; 1Ch 7:11; בְּצִבְאוֺתֵינוּ תֵצֵא לֹא Psa 44:10, of ׳י going with our armies = Psa 60:12 = Psa 108:12; figurative of great number, רב צבא Psa 68:12. — On וְצָבָא חֲלִיפוֺת Job 10:17 see Di; Bu proposes צְבָאֲ(ךָׅ תַּחֲלֵף i.e. thou dost renew (thine) army against me.
b. host (organized body) of angels (compare Luk 2:13), השׁמים צבא (כל) all the host of heaven 1Ki 22:19 2Ch 18:18; Neh 9:6; צבאיו כל Psa 103:21; Psa 148:2; הַמָּרוֺם צבא Isa 24:21 host of the high (angle-princes; || earthly monarchs); השׁמים צבא Dan 8:10, הצבא Dan 8:10 (al. vb figurative of Israel); צ ׳שׂר ׳י captain of the host of ׳י Jos 5:14-15, (theophanic angel); הצבא שׂר Dan 8:11 (angel-prince of Israel, others, God).
c. of sun, moon and stars, השׁמים כלצבא Deu 4:19; Deu 17:3; 2Ki 17:16; 2Ki 21:3, 2Ki 21:5 2Ch 33:3, 2Ch 33:5; 2Ki 23:4-5, Jer 8:2; Jer 19:13 (all as objects of worship), Isa 34:4; ׳צ השׁמים Jer 33:22; Zep 1:5; צבאם כל Neh 9:6; Psa 33:6; Isa 34:4; Isa 45:12; צבאם Isa 40:26. — Jer 3:19 see I. צְבִי.
d. of the entire creation, צבאם כל Gen 2:1.
2 war, warfare, service: צָבָא יָצָא go out to war Num 1:3, Num 1:20 Num 1:12t. Numbers 1; Num 26:2 (P) 1Ch 5:18; 1Ch 7:11; 1Ch 12:33; 1Ch 12:36; 2Ch 25:5; 2Ch 26:11; בצ ׳יצא Num 31:36 (P) Deu 24:5; לצ ׳יצא Num 31:27-28, (P); לצ ׳עלה go up to war Jos 22:12, Jos 22:33 (P); מצ ׳בא come from war Num 31:14; 2Ch 28:12; לצ ׳קבץ 1Sa 28:1; לצ ׳שׁלח Num 31:4, Num 31:6 (twice in verse) (P) ׳בּצ התיחשׂם 1Ch 7:40; ׳צ תִנָּתֵן Dan 8:12; (ה)צ ׳אַנְשֵׁי men of war Num 31:21, Num 31:53 (P) 1Ch 12:8, compare הצ ׳עַם Num 31:32(P); see also II. חלץ; לצ חַיִל ׳גִבּוֺרֵי 1Ch 12:25; צ ׳כְּלֵי 1Ch 12:37 instruments of war.
3 service:
a. of Levites in sacred places Num 4:3, Num 4:23, Num 4:30, Num 4:35, Num 4:39, Num 4:43; Num 8:24-25, וְצָבָא קֹדֶשׁ Dan 8:13 (al. as Dan 8:11, 1b).
b. of hard service of troubled life Job 7:1; Job 14:14; Isa 40:2; Dan 10:1.
4 צְבָאוֺת, in name of ׳י as God of war, probably first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older), explained ישׂראל מערכות אֱלֹחֵי צבאות יהוה 1Sa 17:45 ׳י Sebaoth God of the battle array of Israel (the thought of angels and stars as army of God is later);
a. earliest form with article: ׳י הַצְּבָאוֺת אֱלֹהֵי Amo 3:13; Amo 6:14; Amo 9:5 (אֱלֹהֵי omitted by error, compare We), Hos 12:6.
b. without article, definite by usage, ׳י צְבָאוֺת אֱלֹהֵי 2Sa 5:10; Amo 5:14-15, Amo 5:16; Amo 6:8; 1Ki 19:10, 1Ki 19:14; Jer 5:14; Jer 15:16; Psa 89:9; ׳י יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלֹהֵי צְבָאֹת אֱלֹהֵי Jer 35:17; Jer 38:17; Jer 44:7; 1 Samuel 7:27 = 1Ch 17:24; Isa 21:10; Isa 37:16; Isaiah 1st אֱלֹהֵי omitted Jer 7:3, Jer 7:21 Jer 7:30t. Jeremiah; Zep 2:9; ׳י צ ׳אלהים ישׂראל אלהי Psa 59:6 (אלהים variant of ׳י); ׳י ׳י, ׳א ׳צ שְׁמוֺ God of hosts his name Amo 4:13; Amo 5:27, later reduced to שְׁמוֺ ׳י ׳צ Isa 47:4; Isa 48:2; Isa 51:15; Isa 54:5; Jer 10:16; Jer 31:35 Jer 31:6t. Jeremiah
c. as proper name Sebaoth: ׳י ׳י, צבאות Sebaoth (Lord of hosts, Vrss, owing to Qr אֲדֹנָי, but this never construct אֲדֹנֵי; al. ׳י of hosts, but < names in apposition, since ׳י is proper name; ׳צ for earlier צ ׳אלהי; compare Σαβαωθ Jam 5:4; Rom 9:29): 1Sa 1:3, 1Sa 1:11; 1Sa 4:4; 1Sa 15:2; 1Sa 17:45; 2Sa 6:2, 2Sa 6:18; 2Sa 7:8, 2Sa 7:26; 1Ki 18:15; 2Ki 3:14; 2Ki 19:31; 1Ch 11:9; 1Ch 17:7; Psa 24:10 Psa 24:6t. Psalms; Mic 4:4; Nahum 2:14; Nah 3:5; Hab 2:13; Zep 2:10; Isa 1:9; Isa 2:12; Isa 5:7, Isa 5:9, Isa 5:16, Isa 5:24 35t. Isaiah 6-39; Isa2, only Isa 44:6; Isa 45:13; Jer 6:6, Jer 6:9; Jer 8:3; Jer 9:6; Jer 9:16 Jer 9:26t. Jeremiah; Hag 1:2, Hag 1:5 Hag 1:12t. Haggai; Zec 1:3 (3 t. in verse); Zec 1:4 40t. Zechariah 1-8; Zec 9:15 Zec 9:8t. Zechariah 10-14; Mal 1:4, Mal 1:6, Mal 1:8 21t. Malachi; י ׳האדון ׳צ Isa 1:24 Isa 1:4t. Isaiah (including Isa 10:16 Baer Gi > van d. H. אֲדֹנָי for ׳י); י ׳אֲדֹנָי ׳צ Isa 3:15 + (on these phrase see אָדוֺן 1, 6); צ ׳אלהים (׳א later Qr for original ׳י) Psa 80:8; Psa 80:15; ׳י צ ׳אלהים (earlier ׳י + later [inserted] ׳א) Psa 80:5; Psalm 80:20; Psa 84:9. — compare DrHastings DB (1900), LORD OF HOSTS and references, LöhrAmos (Beiheftezur ZAW iv (1900), 38-67).
צְבָאִים צִבְאוֺת, צְבָאוֺת, see further I, II. צְבִי.
צְבֹאִים see צְבֹיִים.
I. צבב (√ of following; compare Assyrian ƒumbu (=*ƒubbu), cart; צִיבָּא ᵑ7 low, covered wagon).