פָּרַד
pârad · H6504 · Hebrew · 26 occurrences
Meanings
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to be detached, to be disjointed, to be spread out, to be split
Process by which an object is split up into smaller units
ExamplesGenesis 2:10 Now a river flowed out of Eden to water the garden; and from there it divided and became four rivers.
Job 41:17 “They are joined one to another; They clasp each other and cannot be separated.
Psalm 22:14 I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint; My heart is like wax; It is melted within me.
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to be scattered
To be divided into smaller groups or individuals, which may result in losing the strength, power, and confidence of belonging to a larger group
ExamplesEsther 3:8 Then Haman said to King Ahasuerus, “There is a certain people scattered and dispersed among the peoples in all the provinces of your kingdom; their laws are different from those of all other people and they do not comply with the king’s laws, so it is not in the king’s interest to let them remain.
Job 4:11 “The lion perishes for lack of prey, And the cubs of the lioness are scattered.
Psalm 92:9 For, behold, Your enemies, LORD, For, behold, Your enemies will perish; All who do injustice will be scattered.
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to separate, to part company
Action by which humans separate themselves from a larger group of people
ExamplesGenesis 10:5 From these the people of the coastlands of the nations were separated into their lands, every one according to his language, according to their families, into their nations.
Genesis 10:32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their descendants, by their nations; and out of these the nations were separated on the earth after the flood.
Genesis 13:9 “Is the entire land not before you? Please separate from me; if you choose the left, then I will go to the right; or if you choose the right, then I will go to the left.”
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to separate, to set apart, to alienate
Causative action by which humans or deities separate one or more (other) humans or animals from a larger group
ExamplesGenesis 30:40 Then Jacob separated the lambs, and made the flocks face toward the striped and all the black in the flock of Laban; and he put his own herds apart, and did not put them with Laban’s flock.
Deuteronomy 32:8 “When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, When He separated the sons of mankind, He set the boundaries of the peoples According to the number of the sons of Israel.
Ruth 1:17 “Where you die, I will die, and there I will be buried. May the LORD do so to me, and worse, if anything but death separates me from you.”
How it’s used In 6 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
25 occurrences in 21 groups
- Not stated: they 4
- Other words · 20 groups that occur once or twice (21) 21
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- אַלּוּףchief 2
- בֵּןson 1
- כֶּשֶׂבlamb 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
11 occurrences in 14 groups
- Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 2
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- בָּקַשׁto seek, to search, to look for 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אַחַרafter, behind 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- חָלַק châlaq · H2505 · to divide, to take (from), to select (from)
- חָלַק, which has the broader range ‘to divide, distribute, allot, flatter, be smooth,’ and the target lexeme, which is more focused on physical scattering or parting, overlap in the core sense ‘to divide, separate,’ making them near-synonyms.
- בָּדַל bâdal · H914 · to separate, to sever, to separate oneself
- בָּדַל and the target lexeme both denote acts of separation or division — dividing, separating, severing — and are near-synonyms able to substitute for each other in expressing separation.
In the other Testament 2 words
- διαχωρίζομαι diachōrízomai · G1316 · to depart from, to leave
- διαχωρίζομαι (diachōrízomai, G1316) denotes self-initiated withdrawal or retirement (reflexive 'remove oneself'), whereas פָּרַד (pârad, H6504) covers a broader semantic range including both active dispersal/division and passive separation, not limited to reflexive self-removal.
- χωρίζω chōrízō · G5563 · to separate, to isolate one from another, to divorce
- Greek χωρίζω emphasizes the act of separating or putting space between entities (often reflexive departure), while Hebrew פָּרַד covers a broader semantic range including dispersal, scattering, division, and separation with less focus on the spatial 'room between' nuance that χωρίζω's etymology highlights.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Non-Whole002003001021
- פָּרַד means to divide or split into parts, as of the river flowing out of Eden that divides into four separate rivers in Genesis 2:10.
- Dissociate002003002009
- The word more often describes people separating from one another, as when the nations are separated into their own lands and languages in Genesis 10:5 and 10:32, and when Abram asks Lot to separate from him in Genesis 13:9, and they part from each other in Genesis 13:11.
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6504. parad I. [מָּרַד] verb divide (Late Hebrew id., divide, separate; so Syriac in…
I. [מָּרַד] verb divide (Late Hebrew id., divide, separate; so Syriac in derived species and derivatives; Arabic be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll): —
Qal Passive participle feminine plural מְּרֻדוֺת Eze 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings.
Niph`al Perfect3plural נִפְרְדוּ Gen 10:5, Gen 10:32, נִפְרָ֑דוּ 2Sa 1:23; Imperfect, יִמָּרֵד Gen 2:10; Pro 19:4, etc.; Imperative masculine singular נָא הִמָּ֫רֶד Gen 13:9; Infinitive construct לוֺט הִמָּֽרֶדֿ Gen 13:14; Participle נִפְרָד Jdg 4:11; Pro 18:1, נִמְּרָדִים Neh 4:13; —
1 divide, separate (intransitive), Gen 2:10 (of river, dividing into branches); of one man separating from another, with מֵעַל Gen 13:9, Gen 13:11, מֵעִם Gen 13:14 (all J), from others, מִן Jdg 4:11; reciprocal Gen 25:23 (J; of sons of Rebekah representing nations, with מִמֵּעַיִךְ in construction praegn. [Ges§ 119ff], i.e. divided (hostile) from birth); absolute Pro 18:1; of peoples separating from (מִן) parent stock Pro 10:5, Pro 10:32 (P).
2 be divided, separated, 2Sa 1:23; Neh 4:13; of loss of friendship Pro 19:4.
Pi`el Imperfect3masculine singular יְפָרֵ֑דוּ Hos 4:14 make a separation, i.e. go apart (in company with [עִם] harlots, compare RSSemitic i. 436, 2nd ed. 455).
Pu`al Participle divided, הָעַמִּים בֵּין וּמְפֹרָד עַםמְ֗֗֗פֻזָּר Est 3:8
Hiph`il Perfect3masculine singular הִפְרִיד Gen 30:40; Imperfect יַפְרִיד Rth 1:17; Pro 18:18, Pro 18:3masculine plural וַיַּפְרִדוּ 2Ki 2:11; Infinitive construct suffix בְּהַפְרִידוֺ Deu 32:8; Participle מַפְרִיד Pro 16:28; Pro 17:9; —
1 divide, separate Gen 30:40 (JE) Deu 32:8, of separating friends Pro 16:28; Pro 17:9.
2 make a division, separation, between (בֵּין), 2Ki 2:11; Rth 1:17; of parting disputants (with בֵּין) Pro 18:18.
Hithpa`el Perfect3plural וְהִתְמָּֽרְדוּ Psa 22:15; Imperfect יִתְמָּֽרְדוּ Psa 92:10, רָ֑דוּ- Job 4:11; Job 41:9; — be divided, separated, from each other; of scales of crocodile (c. negative) Job 41:9, of bones, = be loosened at the joint, Psa 22:15 (figurative of helplessness); = be dispersed Job 4:11; Psa 92:10.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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