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Word

אֵפוֹד

ʼêphôwd · H646 · Hebrew · 49 occurrences

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Thing

Meanings

  1. a linen apron or linen ephod

    A linen garment reaching from the shoulders to the waist, normally worn by priests but also by David when the ark was brought to Jerusalem

    Examples

    1 Samuel 2:18 Now Samuel was ministering before the LORD, as a boy wearing a linen ephod.

    1 Samuel 22:18 Then the king said to Doeg, “You, turn around and attack the priests!” And Doeg the Edomite turned around and attacked the priests, and he killed on that day eighty-five men who wore the linen ephod.

    2 Samuel 6:14 And David was dancing before the LORD with all his strength, and David was wearing a linen ephod.

  2. the ephod

    An embroidered linen garment reaching from the shoulders to the waist, worn by the high priest over his robe, representing the visible glory of God, associated with divine oracles because the urim and tummim were kept in a pouch on it, and not to be duplicated or used outside regulated worship

    Examples

    Exodus 25:7 onyx stones and setting stones for the ephod and for the breastpiece.

    Exodus 28:4 “And these are the garments which they shall make: a breastpiece, an ephod, a robe, a tunic of checkered work, a turban, and a sash. They shall make holy garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so that he may serve as priest to Me.

    Exodus 28:6 “They shall also make the ephod of gold, of violet, purple, and scarlet material, and fine twisted linen, the work of the skilled embroiderer.

How it’s used In 7 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

4 occurrences in 1 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

12 occurrences in 5 groups

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

3 occurrences in 3 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

5 occurrences in 2 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

22 occurrences in 7 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Semantic domains 2 entries
Clothing001003001001002
אֵפוֹד names the ephod, the ornate priestly garment prescribed for Aaron and his sons (Exodus 28:4, 6).
Names of People003001007
This entry carries no independent personal-name sense of its own; every tagged occurrence is the priestly garment, as in “They shall also make the ephod of gold, of violet, purple, and scarlet material, and fine twisted linen” (Exodus 28:6). The “Names of People” domain is bundle-shared with the personal name אֵפֹד (ʼÊphôd, H641), which it is not independently attested as here.
Word family 2 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

אֵפוֹדʼêphôwd · H646אֵפֻדָּה ʼêphuddâh · H642 · covering, plating · 3×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H646. ephod אֵפוֺד (28 t.) & אֵפֹד (20 t.) noun masculineExo 28:7 ephod (Ethiopic compare…
H646. ephod
אֵפוֺד (28 t.) & אֵפֹד (20 t.) noun masculineExo 28:7 ephod (Ethiopic compare Aramaic id. (on meaning see Lagl.c.), perhaps also Assyrian pid, pittu ZimBP 39; on form see Ges§ 84a 12. R. but Lagl.c. compares , & thinks אֵפוֺד shortened from הָא ׳חֵשֶׁב 'robe of approach to God) — ׳א absolute Exo 25:7 +; construct 1Sa 2:18 +; —
1 ephod, priestly garment, shoulder-cape or mantle; a. as worn by ordinary priest made of white stuff (בַּד) 1Sa 22:18; א ׳נֹשֵׂא compare
2; so Samuel as a temple-servant 1Sa 2:8; א ׳חָגוּר girt with an eph.; so David when dancing before ark 2Sa 6:14 (id.) 1Ch 15:27 א דוד ׳וְעַל; b. as prescribed in P for high priest, more costly, woven of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, & linen (? שֵׁשׁ)threads, provided with shoulder-pieces & breast-piece of like material, ornamented with gems and gold, Exo 25:7; Exo 28:4, Exo 28:6, Exo 28:12, Exo 28:15; Exo 29:5; Exo 35:9, Exo 35:27 Exo 35:17t. Exodus 28, 39, also Lev 8:7; compare probably 1Sa 2:28 (א ׳נֹשֵׂא) 1Sa 14:3; 1Sa 21:10 (see below 2); הָא ׳חֵשֶׁב Exo 28:27-28, Exo 29:5; Exo 39:20-21, Lev 8:7; הָא ׳מְעִיל Lev 29:5; Lev 39:22 (compare Lev 8:7); with verb אֶתהָֿא ׳נָתַן עַלֿ put the ephod on Aaron Lev 8:7. 2 ephod used in consulting ׳י 1Sa 23:6 ׳א borne in hand (read ᵐ5 וְהָא ׳יָרַד בְּיָדוֺ We Dr) 1Sa 23:9; 1Sa 30:7 (twice in verse) (all with חִגִּישׁ) + 1Sa 14:18 (הגישׁ) & 1Sa 14:18, in both read ׳הָא for ארון & 1Sa 14:18 also ᵐ5 נֹשֵׂא Klo Dr; a. according to Thes MV Di Exo 28:6 and elsewhere properly below 1b; consultation of ׳י in that case by Urim & Thummim in the breast-piece attached to the ephod (compare Exo 28:28-30 & see אוּרִים); if so, in view of נשׂא 1Sa 2:28; 1Sa 14:3, 1Sa 14:18 (compare above), not used elsewhere = wear except 1Sa 22:18, & of 1Sa 23:6, the word might be used by metonymy for the breast-piece itself; b. others, e.g. StaGeschichte i. 466, 471 BuRS 115 and others, think of an image representing ׳י; compare following.
3. a. ephod of gold made by Gideon Jdg 8:27 for a local sanctuary, by which Israel was ensnared; = 2b according to ᵑ6 Thes ('sine controversia') Stu and others + Sta Bu 1.c.; originally = gold sheathing of an image (compare etymology above & Isa 30:22 below אֲפֻדָּה); MV Be KöHauptprobleme 59 think of garment, as below 1 see above
b. made (material not given) for a private, local sanctuary Jdg 17:5; Jdg 18:14, Jdg 18:17, Jdg 18:18, Jdg 18:20 (|| תְּרָפִים מַסֵּכָה, מֶּסֶל, in all, for ᵐ5 gives מַסֵּכָה Jdg 18:20, omitted by HCT); compare Hos 3:4 Israel shall abide without king, prince, sacrifice, pillar, ephod or teraphim; according to Thes and others + Sta Bu l.c. = 2b; Stu Be Ry and others regard as below
1; in view of distinction from מסכה פסל, & תרפים it seems more likely that this is not an image, but some means of consulting deity, perhaps in imitation of Urim & Thummim.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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