אַף
ʼaph · H638 · Aramaic · 4 occurrences
Meanings
-
also, even, what is more, what is worse
Marker pointing to information that needs to be considered in addition to previous information (either explicit or implied), and also often used to affirm this new information as more conclusive or compelling than the information preceding it
ExamplesEzra 5:10 “We also asked them their names so as to inform you, in order that we might write down the names of the men who were in charge.
Ezra 5:14 ‘Also the gold and silver utensils of the house of God which Nebuchadnezzar had taken from the temple in Jerusalem and brought them to the temple of Babylon, King Cyrus took them from the temple of Babylon and they were given to one whose name was Sheshbazzar, whom he had appointed governor.
Ezra 6:5 ‘Also the gold and silver utensils of the house of God, which Nebuchadnezzar took from the temple in Jerusalem and brought to Babylon, are to be returned and brought to their places in the temple in Jerusalem; and you shall put them in the house of God.’
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- גַּם gam · H1571 · also, too, even
- Both words function as particles meaning also or moreover.
Semantic domains 8 entries
- People001001003
- This code is inherited from an unrelated homograph, the Hebrew noun for face or brow, not אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own conjunction sense.
- Space002002001017
- This code is inherited from an unrelated homograph's spatial sense ("before, in front of"), not אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own conjunction sense.
- Air001002005001
- This code is inherited from an unrelated homograph, the Hebrew noun for breath, not אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own conjunction sense.
- Angry002001002002
- This code is inherited from an unrelated homograph, the Hebrew noun for anger (literally "nose"), not אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own conjunction sense.
- Patient002001002020
- This code is inherited from an unrelated homograph's sense of patience, not אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own conjunction sense.
- Extenders004004
- אַף functions as an additive discourse particle, "also" or "moreover," introducing a further point, as in the Persian officials' correspondence (Ezra 5:10) and the king's response after Daniel's deliverance (Daniel 6:22).
- Affirmers004001
- This code is inherited from the shared particle's broader affirming range ("indeed," "surely"), not independently distinguished from the additive sense in אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own 4 citations.
- Contrastors004002
- This code is inherited from the shared particle's broader range, not independently attested by אַף (ʼaph, H638)'s own citations, which are all additive rather than adversative.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.