עָשָׂה
ʻâsâh · H6213 · Hebrew · 2,629 occurrences
Meanings
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to make, to create, to produce, to build
Causative action by which human or deities produce an object, either personally or by others on behalf of them
ExamplesGenesis 1:7 God made the expanse, and separated the waters that were below the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse; and it was so.
Genesis 1:16 God made the two great lights, the greater light to govern the day, and the lesser light to govern the night; He made the stars also.
Genesis 1:25 God made the animals of the earth according to their kind, and the livestock according to their kind, and everything that crawls on the ground according to its kind; and God saw that it was good.
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to do, to perform, to commit, to practice, to observe, to celebrate, to keep
Action by which humans or deities engage in a particular action
ExamplesGenesis 2:2 By the seventh day God completed His work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work which He had done.
Genesis 2:3 Then God blessed the seventh day and sanctified it, because on it He rested from all His work which God had created and made.
Genesis 3:13 Then the LORD God said to the woman, “What is this that you have done?” And the woman said, “The serpent deceived me, and I ate.”
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to deal with spirits of the dead and mediums
Action by which humans consult the spirits of deceased persons, either directly or through the intermediary of a professional; an activity forbidden in the law of Moses
Examples2 Kings 21:6 And he made his son pass through the fire, interpreted signs, practiced divination, and used mediums and spiritists. He did great evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.
2 Chronicles 33:6 He also made his sons pass through the fire in the Valley of Ben-hinnom; and he practiced witchcraft, used divination, practiced sorcery, and dealt with mediums and spiritists. He did much evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.
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to happen
Literally: to be done; hence: process by which certain events take place without observers always having a clear understanding of who is the agent
Examples1 Samuel 1:7 And it happened year after year, as often as she went up to the house of the LORD, that she would provoke her; so she wept and would not eat.
Esther 2:11 And every day Mordecai walked back and forth in front of the courtyard of the harem to learn how Esther was and what was happening to her.
Ecclesiastes 1:9 What has been, it is what will be, And what has been done, it is what will be done. So there is nothing new under the sun.
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to cause to happen, to bring about
Causative action by which humans or deities cause events to take place without them having to necessarily be involved in the event itself
ExamplesGenesis 19:3 Yet he strongly urged them, so they turned aside to him and entered his house; and he prepared a feast for them and baked unleavened bread, and they ate.
Genesis 21:6 Sarah said, “God has made laughter for me; everyone who hears will laugh with me.”
Genesis 21:8 And the child grew and was weaned, and Abraham held a great feast on the day that Isaac was weaned.
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to use, to treat
Causative action by which humans cause an event to happen to people or objects for a specific purpose
ExamplesGenesis 34:31 But they said, “Should he treat our sister like a prostitute?”
Exodus 38:24 All the gold that was used for the work, in all the work of the sanctuary, which was the gold of the wave offering, was twenty-nine talents and 730 shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary.
Leviticus 7:24 ‘Also the fat of an animal which dies and the fat of an animal torn by animals may be put to any other use, but you certainly are not to eat it.
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to ordain, to institute, to decree
Causative action by which deities or humans in a position of authority establish a certain condition or pattern of events
ExamplesNumbers 28:6 ‘It is a continual burnt offering which was ordained on Mount Sinai as a soothing aroma, an offering by fire to the LORD.
1 Kings 12:32 Jeroboam also instituted a feast in the eighth month on the fifteenth day of the month, like the feast that is in Judah, and he went up to the altar. So he did in Bethel, sacrificing to the calves which he had made. And he stationed in Bethel the priests of the high places which he had made.
Esther 1:20 “When the king’s edict which he will make is heard throughout his kingdom, great as it is, then all women will give honor to their husbands, great and small.”
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to care for
Literally: to do (something); hence: action by which humans do what is needed for the benefit of other humans or parts of their body
ExamplesDeuteronomy 21:12 then you shall bring her into your home, and she shall shave her head and trim her nails.
2 Samuel 19:24 Then Mephibosheth the grandson of Saul came down to meet the king; but he had neither tended to his feet, nor trimmed his mustache, nor washed his clothes since the day the king departed until the day he came home in peace.
Ezekiel 17:17 ‘Pharaoh with his mighty army and great contingent will not help him in the war, when they pile up assault ramps and build siege walls to eliminate many lives.
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to do valiantly, to act bravely
Literally: to do substantially; hence: action as a result of which humans or deities are deemed worthy of respect, because of characteristics such as physical strength, power, bravery, skill, wealth, good character, or a combination thereof
ExamplesNumbers 24:18 “And Edom shall be a possession, Seir, its enemies, also will be a possession, While Israel performs valiantly.
Ruth 4:11 And all the people who were in the court, and the elders, said, “We are witnesses. May the LORD make the woman who is coming into your home like Rachel and Leah, both of whom built the house of Israel; and may you achieve wealth in Ephrathah and become famous in Bethlehem.
1 Samuel 14:48 And he acted valiantly and defeated the Amalekites, and saved Israel from the hands of those who plundered them.
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Literally: to make a name (for oneself); hence: action as a result of which humans or deities gain a good reputation for themselves (to make a name (for oneself))
ExamplesGenesis 11:4 And they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top will reach into heaven, and let’s make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered abroad over the face of all the earth.”
2 Samuel 8:13 So David made a name for himself when he returned from killing eighteen thousand Arameans in the Valley of Salt.
Nehemiah 9:10 “Then You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, Against all his servants and all the people of his land; For You knew that they acted arrogantly toward them, And You made a name for Yourself as it is this day.
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Literally: to make a name (for someone else); hence: causative action by which deities provide humans with a good reputation (to make a name (for someone else))
Examples2 Samuel 7:9 “And I have been with you wherever you have gone, and have eliminated all your enemies from you; I will also make a great name for you, like the names of the great men who are on the earth.
1 Chronicles 17:8 “I have been with you wherever you have gone, and have eliminated all your enemies from you; and I will make for you a name like the name of the great ones who are on the earth.
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to work
Literally: to do; hence; action by which humans and engaged in a specific activity, usually in the service of someone else
ExamplesExodus 5:9 “Let the labor be heavier on the men, and have them work at it so that they will pay no attention to false words.”
Exodus 31:4 to create artistic designs for work in gold, in silver, and in bronze,
Exodus 31:5 and in the cutting of stones for settings, and in the carving of wood, so that he may work in all kinds of craftsmanship.
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Literally: to make a house (for someone); hence: causative action by which deities provide someone with a spouse and children (to give (someone) a family)
ExamplesExodus 1:21 And because the midwives feared God, He established households for them.
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to establish a dynasty
Literally: to make a house (for someone); hence: causative action by which deities provide humans with descendants over several generations
Examples1 Samuel 25:28 “Please forgive the offense of your slave; for the LORD will certainly make for my lord an enduring house, because my lord is fighting the battles of the LORD, and evil will not be found in you all your days.
2 Samuel 7:11 even from the day that I appointed judges over My people Israel; and I will give you rest from all your enemies. The LORD also declares to you that the LORD will make a house for you.
1 Kings 2:24 “Now then, as the LORD lives, who has established me and set me on the throne of David my father, and has made me a house just as He promised, Adonijah certainly shall be put to death today!”
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to acquire, to get, to obtain
Literally: to make (possessions); hence: action by which humans obtain possessions
ExamplesGenesis 12:5 Abram took his wife Sarai and his nephew Lot, and all their possessions which they had accumulated, and the people which they had acquired in Haran, and they set out for the land of Canaan; so they came to the land of Canaan.
Genesis 31:1 Now Jacob heard the words of Laban’s sons, saying, “Jacob has taken away all that was our father’s, and from what belonged to our father he has made all this wealth.”
Deuteronomy 8:17 “Otherwise, you may say in your heart, ‘My power and the strength of my hand made me this wealth.’
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to prepare
Literally: to make (ready); hence: causative action by which humans take an object and do what needs to be done to make it ready for a certain purpose
ExamplesGenesis 18:7 Abraham also ran to the herd, and took a tender and choice calf and gave it to the servant, and he hurried to prepare it.
Genesis 18:8 He took curds and milk and the calf which he had prepared, and set it before them; and he was standing by them under the tree as they ate.
Exodus 29:36 “Each day you shall offer a bull as a sin offering for atonement, and you shall purify the altar when you make atonement for it, and you shall anoint it to consecrate it.
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to appoint
Literally: to make (people in a certain role); hence: causative action by which humans in authority or deities assign a certain task to (other) humans
Examples1 Samuel 12:6 Then Samuel said to the people, “It is the LORD who appointed Moses and Aaron and who brought your fathers up from the land of Egypt.
1 Kings 12:31 And he made houses on high places, and appointed priests from all the people who were not of the sons of Levi.
1 Kings 13:33 After this event, Jeroboam did not abandon his evil way, but he again appointed priests of the high places from all the people; anyone who wanted, he ordained, and he became one of the priests of the high places.
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to bear, to yield, to produce, to bring forth
Literally: to make; hence: natural process by which land, plants, or animals develop vegetation, branches, fruits, produce milk, etc
ExamplesGenesis 1:11 Then God said, “Let the earth sprout vegetation, plants yielding seed, and fruit trees on the earth bearing fruit according to their kind with seed in them”; and it was so.
Genesis 1:12 The earth produced vegetation, plants yielding seed according to their kind, and trees bearing fruit with seed in them, according to their kind; and God saw that it was good.
Genesis 41:47 During the seven years of plenty the land produced abundantly.
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to plan, to determine, to plot
Literally: to make (plans); hence: causative action by which humans or deities conceive events in their minds, described as an craftsperson producing an artifact
ExamplesDeuteronomy 31:21 “Then it will come about, when many evils and troubles find them, that this song will testify before them as a witness (for it shall not be forgotten from the mouth of their descendants); for I know their inclination which they are developing today, before I bring them into the land which I swore.”
2 Kings 19:25 ‘Have you not heard? Long ago I did it; From ancient times I planned it. Now I have brought it about, That you would turn fortified cities into ruined heaps.
Isaiah 22:11 And you made a reservoir between the two walls For the waters of the old pool. But you did not depend on Him who made it, Nor did you take into consideration Him who planned it long ago.
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to caress, to fondle
Action by which humans touch or stroke an object gently
ExamplesEzekiel 23:3 and they prostituted themselves in Egypt. They prostituted themselves in their youth; there their breasts were squeezed and there their virgin breasts were handled.
Ezekiel 23:8 “She did not abandon her obscene practices from the time in Egypt; for in her youth men had slept with her, and they handled her virgin breasts and poured out their obscene practice on her.
Ezekiel 23:21 “So you longed for the outrageous sin of your youth, when the Egyptians handled your breasts because of the breasts of your youth.
How it’s used In 15 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
2,533 occurrences in 188 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 566
- Not stated: you (one person) 374
- Not stated (infinitive) 285
- Not stated: I 189
- Not stated: they 182
- Not stated: you (more than one) 172
- Other words · 133 groups that occur once or twice (171) 171
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1,459 occurrences in 366 groups
- רַעevil, bad 90
- מָהwhat?, why? 75
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 60
- הֶםthem 58
- מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 56
- מְלָאכָהwork 47
- Other words · 246 groups that occur once or twice (302) 302
Second objectAs in “call him Lord”
56 occurrences in 38 groups
- עֹלָהburnt offering 6
- כָּלָהcomplete destruction, full end 5
- יוֹםday, time 4
- זֶבַחsacrifice 3
- חַטָּאָהsin, sin offering 3
- Other words · 33 groups that occur once or twice (42) 42
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1,274 occurrences in 547 groups
- לto/for+ וֹhim 68
- לto/for+ הֶםthem 48
- כlike/as+ כֹּלall, every, whole 46
- לto/for+ נִיme 46
- לto/for+ ךָּyou 41
- כlike/as+ עָשָׂהto do, to make 34
- Other words · 430 groups that occur once or twice (530) 530
With adverbsAdverbs
381 occurrences in 27 groups
- לֹאnot 151
- כֵּןthus 133
- כֹּהthus, so 29
- כָּכָהthus 18
- סָבִיבround about, around, on every side 16
- שָׁםthere 11
- Other words · 14 groups that occur once or twice (16) 16
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
80 occurrences in 28 groups
- מְלָאכָהwork 21
- וֹhim 9
- אֵלֶּהthese 5
- מִלְחָמָהwar, battle 5
- טוֹבgood 4
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 4
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (24) 24
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- בַּיִתhouse, household 1
- חָמֵשׁfive 1
- כָּרַתto cut off, to make (a covenant) 1
- מֶלֶךְking 1
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 1
Named alongside itApposition
37 occurrences in 17 groups
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 13
- עָשָׂהto do, to make 4
- פָּקַדto number, to punish 4
- אֵלGod, god 3
- Other words · 13 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
What it doesIt is the subject
25 occurrences in 19 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 3
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (22) 22
What is done to itIt is the object
123 occurrences in 25 groups
- יָדַעto know 29
- אָמַרto say 20
- רָאָהto see 16
- הָיָהto be, to become 10
- נָגַדto tell, to inform, to report 9
- זָכַרto remember 8
- Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (23) 23
Second object ofSecond object
8 occurrences in 4 groups
- יָדַעto know 4
- יָרָהto teach, to shoot 2
- יָעַץto counsel, to advise, to plan 1
- רָאָהto see 1
What it is said to bePredicate
27 occurrences in 14 groups
- מָהwhat?, why? 5
- אַיִןthere is no, not 4
- תּוֹעֵבַהabomination, detestable thing 4
- Other words · 11 groups that occur once or twice (14) 14
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
9 occurrences in 7 groups
- הוּאhe, she, it 3
- הוֹיwoe!, alas! 1
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 1
- מָהwhat?, why? 1
- עֶזְרִיEzri 1
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
292 occurrences in 7 groups
- לto/for 224
- כlike/as 48
- בin/on/with 16
- מִןfrom 7
- עַלon, upon, over, against 7
- אֵלto, toward 4
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
9 occurrences in 4 groups
- יָדhand, power 6
- יֶתֶרremainder 1
- יִתְרוֹןadvantage 1
- מְלָאכָהwork 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ποιέω poiéō · G4160 · to do, to perform, to practice
- Greek ποιέω serves as the standard rendering of Hebrew עָשָׂה across its full semantic range of making, doing, and accomplishing, demonstrating systematic translation equivalence.
- πράσσω prássō · G4238 · to do, to carry out, to perform
- עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213) is the general Hebrew verb for doing/making/accomplishing with broad semantic range covering creation, execution, and performance of actions; πράσσω (prássō, G4238) specifically denotes habitual or repeated practice/performance of actions, distinguishing it from single-act verbs, and serves as the natural Greek rendering when עָשָׂה (ʻâsâh, H6213)'s iterative or characteristic-action sense is prominent in context.
Semantic domains 13 entries
- Exist002002002005
- עָשָׂה is used throughout the creation account of bringing something into existence, as when God made the expanse, the two great lights and the stars, and the animals of the earth in Genesis 1:7, 1:16, and 1:25.
- Engage002003003011
- The word's broad idiomatic use for carrying out or engaging in an activity ties it to this domain, though this specific facet is not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations, which describe God's own making rather than a general undertaking.
- Divination002003003009
- עָשָׂה is used idiomatically of practicing divination or occult arts, a narrow collocational sense not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which are drawn from the creation account rather than the legal warnings against such practices.
- Happen002002003003
- The word can describe something coming about or happening, an extension of its basic sense of making or producing, though this facet is not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which show God's direct acts of making rather than events simply occurring.
- Care002003002004
- עָשָׂה is used idiomatically of showing kindness or dealing well with someone, a facet of the word's vast range not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations.
- Great002001002012
- The word is used in the idiom of doing great things, an association with magnitude not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which describe ordinary acts of creation rather than this specific idiom.
- Serve002003002023
- עָשָׂה can describe performing a service for another, a collocational sense not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations.
- Possess002003002019
- The word is used idiomatically of acquiring or gaining wealth and possessions, a facet not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which describe the making of the created order rather than the getting of goods.
- Ready002001002021
- עָשָׂה can describe preparing or making something ready, such as a meal, a facet of the word's range not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations.
- Role002002002008
- The word is used of appointing or constituting someone to an office, a sense not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which describe God's making of the physical creation rather than the appointing of an office-holder.
- Stage002001001060
- עָשָׂה's use in marking the completion of a period or season is a narrow facet of its range, not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations.
- Think002004002013
- The word can carry the sense of reckoning or accounting something, a cognitive facet not directly illustrated among the sampled creation-account citations, which describe physical acts of making.
- Hold002003001009
- עָשָׂה is used idiomatically of keeping or observing a feast or ordinance, a facet of this extraordinarily broad verb's range not directly illustrated among the sampled citations, which are drawn from the creation account rather than a festival observance.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6213. asah I. עָשָׂה2622 verb do, make (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI23, 26 עשתי,…
I. עָשָׂה2622 verb do, make (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew; MI23, 26 עשתי, l.3; l.9 ואעש, l.24 Imperative עשו; Old Hebrew proper name מעשיהו אלעשה, עשיו,; not Aramaic, and not certainly found in South Semitic languages; on Sabean see especially DHMSB Berl. Akkadian 1886, 849); —
Qal2524 Perfect3masculine singular Gen 3:1 +, suffix עָשָׂהוּ Hos 8:6 +; 3 feminine singular עָֽשְׂתָה Deu 22:21 +, וְעָשָׂת consecutive Lev 25:21; Lev 25:2masculine singular עָשִׂיתָ Gen 3:14 +, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יַעֲשֶׂה Gen 18:25 +, וַיַּעֲשֶׂה 1Ki 16:25 1Ki 16:3t., וַיַּעַשׂ Isa 5:2 +; יַעֲשֵׂה Isa 64:3, Isa 64:2masculine singular תַּעֲשֶׂה 1Sa 10:8, תַּעֲשֵׂה Gen 26:29; Jos 7:9, jussive (with אַל) תַּעַשׂ Gen 22:12 +, תַּעֲשֵׂה 2Sa 13:12; Jer 40:16 Qr (Kt תַּעַשׂ); 1 singular אֶעֱשֶׂה Gen 2:18 +, וָאֶעֱשֶׂה Eze 20:14; Dan 8:27, וָאַעַשׂ Deu 10:3-4t. Ezekiel; etc.; Imperative masculine singular עֲשֵׂה Jdg 10:15 +; feminine singular עֲשִׂי Jer 6:26 +, etc.; Infinitive absolute עָשׂה Jer 44:17 +; עָשׂוֺ Jer 7:5 Jer 7:2t. (Jer 4:18 van d. H. עָשׂוּ); construct עֲשׂוֺת Gen 2:4 +, עֲשׂה Gen 50:20 Gen 50:2t., עֲשׂוֺ Gen 31:28, suffix עֲשׂתוֺ Gen 41:32 +, עֲשׂהוּ Exo 18:18, etc.; Participle active עשֶֹׁה Isa 5:5 +, suffix הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 (but see below); plural עשִֹׁים Gen 24:49 +; suffix עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10 (yet see Ges§ 124k), etc.; passive עָשׂוּי Exo 3:16 +, הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 (Ges§ 75k); feminine עֲשׂוּיָה Eze 21:20 +, etc.; —
I. 1. do (1560 + t.):
a. (1) with accusative active Gen 3:14 (J) Gen 20:10 (E) + often; do right in eyes of ׳י 2Ki 12:3; 2Ki 14:13 +, evil 2Ki 8:18, 2Ki 8:27 + (compare I. עַיִן
3c); do God's commands, statutes, etc., Deu 16:12; Deu 30:8; Num 15:39 (P); ׳ע חַיִל 1Sa 14:48 + do might, i.e. mightily, valiantly; Proverbs 31:39 do efficiency, i.e. efficiently; = commit (offence) Lev 20:13 (H), Deu 20:18; followed by מִן particle, מֵהֵנָּה מֵאַחַת וְעָשָׂה Lev 4:2 and shall do a single one of them (things prohibited; see מִן 3b (d)), compare י מִכָּלמִֿצְוֺת אַחַת ׳וְעָשׂוּ Lev 4:13; Lev 4:22; Lev 5:17 (all P); do = perform a work, with accusative of congnate meaning with verb מַעֲשֶׂה Exo 18:20; Exo 23:12 (E), also (׳י subject) Deu 11:7; Dan 9:14; Ecc 3:11; with accusative מְלָאכָה Gen 2:2 (twice in verse) (J), Exo 20:9-10, = Deu 9:13 (10 Words); with accusative דְּרָכֶיךָ Isa 58:13; ׳ע עַל מְלוּכָה 1Ki 21:7 = exercise sovereignty over; of ׳י performing signs (אֹתֹת) Jos 24:17 (E), Num 14:11, Num 14:22 (JE), Deu 11:3, so Moses Exo 4:17 and (מֹפְתִים) Exo 4:21. (2) do something to one (ל person) Gen 20:9 (E), Jdg 9:56 +; with עַל reflexive Jer 26:19 do evil against ourselves; especially ׳י subject, with לְ, do good to Exo 18:9 (E), 2 Kings 8:66, or evil Gen 42:28 (E); in phrase so may God do to me, etc. 1Sa 3:17; 2Ki 6:31 + (see יסף
Hiph`il 1.). (3) do something for one (ל person) Gen 30:31; 1Ki 11:8 +, direct object omitted 1Sa 20:4; + ל of thing Jdg 21:7, Jdg 21:16 what shall we do for them, for wives ? with עַל person Neh 5:19; with dativus ethicus [dative of interest] (ל) 1Sa 10:7; with לְ, of ׳י doing kindness for 1Sa 22:3; executing vengeance for Jdg 11:36 (+ מִן of enemy); ׳י doing a sign (אוֺת) for Jdg 6:17 (elsewhere לְ אוֺת נָתַן), compare לְטוֺבָה אוֺת עֲשֵׂהעִֿמִּי Psa 86:17. (4) do something (in relation or intercourse) wilth (אֵת person), ׳י subject Deu 1:30 all that he did with you, Deu 10:21 (compare Psa 86:17 above), human subject 2Ch 24:24 (object שְׁפָטִים), Rth 2:11. (5) seldom with ב, usually of executing judgment upon 1Sa 28:18; Isa 48:14, more Generally Est 1:15 what shall we do with the queen ? also, subject ׳י, Eze 25:11; Eze 28:26; Psa 149:7; Psa 149:9; Num 33:4 (on false gods); in good sense, ׳ע בּ ׳חֲסָדִים Neh 13:14. (6) of ׳י doing the justice (מִשְׁמַּט) of any one, i.e. maintaining his cause 1Ki 8:45, 1Ki 8:49; Psa 9:5. (7) with adverb do thus, כֹּה, Jos 6:14 (JE), according to, כְּ Gen 6:22 (P), Gen 18:21 (J), 1Ki 2:6; accusative as, כַּאֲשֶׁר Gen 27:19 (J); Exo 1:17 (E) +; with בְּ of manner, Jdg 9:16a, Eze 8:18; Eze 25:15.
b. work for (ל of thing) Gen 30:30 (J); with ל person 1Sa 14:6; Eze 29:20 (for ׳י); work in (ב) gold or other material 1Ki 7:14; 2Ch 2:6; 2Ch 2:13; Exo 31:4-5, Exo 35:32 (all P); with בָּהּ (i.e. בָּעֲבֹדָה) Exo 5:9 (J) in toil; work with (עִם) God 1Sa 14:45, so probably of God's working with (אֵת) Moses and Aaron 1Sa 12:6 (usually appoint); with אֵת with (of person in whose company, in whose field Rth 2:19 (twice in verse) (gleaning); work כַּמֶּיהָ בְּחֵפֶץ Pro 31:13; without preposition Exo 36:1; Neh 3:28.
2 deal with, with עִם, 2Ch 2:2; Dan 1:13 (כַּאֲשֶׁר accusative as); with אֵת, Eze 20:44; Psa 109:21; Eze 22:14; Zep 3:19 (perhaps; Gr Now insert כָּלָה, see
II 1 g), + כְּ Jer 21:2, + בְּ of manner Eze 23:25, Eze 23:29; with לְ person + בְּ Eze 25:12; with בְּ person, Jer 18:23; Dan 11:7, + כְּ according to Neh 9:24; Est 3:11.
3 often in phrase, do kindness (חֶסֶד) with: with עִם (עִמָּדִ) Gen 19:19; Gen 24:12; Gen 12:14 (J), Jdg 1:24; Jdg 8:35; 1Sa 15:6; 2Sa 2:5; 2Sa 10:2 = 1Ch 19:2 +; with עַל, 1Sa 20:8 (but read עִם Vrss We Dr and others); absolute, Psa 109:16; object חֶסֶד + אֱמֶת, with עִם, Jos 2:14 (JE) Jdg 9:19; 2Sa 2:6; with אֵת with, Gen 24:49; Gen 32:11; Gen 47:29 (all J); with לְ, Exo 20:6 = Deu 5:10; 2Sa 22:51 = Psalm 18:51; so ׳ע טוֺב, with עִם, Gen 26:29 (J), compare Jdg 8:35; Jdg 9:16; with אֵת with, 1Sa 24:19; 2Sa 2:6.
4 absolute act, act with effect, especially of ׳י, 1Ki 8:32, 1Ki 8:39; Jer 14:7; Eze 20:9, Eze 20:14, Eze 20:22; Psalm 22:32; Psa 37:5; Psalm 52:11; Dan 9:19; of men 2Ch 31:21; Dan 8:12, Dan 8:24; Dan 11:28, Dan 11:30, Dan 11:32; with ל of person Eze 31:11.
II. 1. make (670 + t.):
a. with object concrete, ark Gen 8:6, altar Gen 13:4, idols Jdg 18:24, Jdg 18:31 +, etc.
b. often of God's making (creating) Gen 3:1 (J), Gen 1:7, Gen 1:16, Gen 1:25 (P), Neh 9:6; Job 9:9; Pro 8:26; 2Ch 2:11; Psa 95:5 +; making man Psa 100:3; Psa 119:73 (made by God's hands), in the womb Job 31:15 (twice in verse); making, constituting, nation Deu 26:19; Deu 32:6, Deu 32:15; participle suffix עשֵֹׁהוּ his Maker Isa 17:7; Pro 14:31; Pro 17:5 (הָעשֹׁוֺ Job 40:19 is improbable, most read הֶעָשָׂוּי, with various interpretation of following words); עשֶֹׁךָ Isa 51:13, עשֵֹׁנִי Job 32:23 (Ginsb; Job 32:22 van d. H. Baer), עשֵֹׁנוּ Psa 95:6; so apparently plural participle עשָֹׁ֑י Job 35:10, עשַֹׁיִךְ Isa 54:5 (Ges§ 124k explanation as sg.).
c. make something, with לְ reflexive, make for thee Exo 20:4; Deu 9:12; Deu 10:1 +, for (ל) another 1Sa 2:19; 2Sa 7:11; 1Ki 2:24 +; object מִשְׁתֶּה banquet Gen 40:20; Est 5:4, also (no ל) Gen 29:22 (E) Jdg 14:10; Est 5:5, Est 5:12 and (figurative, ׳י subject) Isa 25:6; with ל of thing, Deu 22:8; with ל of animal Gen 33:17 (J).
d. make a name (שֵׁם) for oneself (ל) 2Sa 7:9; 1Ch 17:8, also (no ל) 2Sa 8:13; a new heart for oneself (ל) Eze 18:31.
e. make war with (אֶת) Gen 14:2; Jos 11:18 (D); with עִם, Deu 20:12, Deu 20:20; 1Ch 5:10, 1Ch 5:19; absolute 1Ch 22:8; with ל reflexive Pro 24:6; participle מִלְחָמָה עשֵֹׁה2Ch 11:1; 2Ch 26:11, 2Ch 26:13; make peace, with ל person Jos 9:15 (J); ׳ע בְרָכָה אִתִּי 2Ki 18:31 make an agreement with me.
f. with ׳ע בּ ׳מֶּרֶץ ב, Jdg 21:15 ׳י brought a catastrophe upon (compare פרץ).
g. with 2 accusative, make something out of (accusative mater.) Exo 25:18; Exo 28:13; Exo 37:17, Exo 37:24; Son 3:10; Deu 10:3 +; make something into something (Ges§ 117ii) Hos 8:4; Gen 27:9; Jdg 17:4; Num 11:8; Num 17:3; Psa 104:4; make something כָּלָה, i. e. utterly destroy it Nah 1:8; Zep 1:18; Eze 20:17; Neh 9:31; c. passive participle as 2nd accusative Exo 38:7 they made it לֻחֹת נְבוּב hollow with boards, Exo 39:9; but also with accusative + לְ, Hos 2:10 gold they made into (ל) the Baal, Jdg 8:27; Exo 27:3 (P), Deu 9:14; Jer 37:15; Eze 4:9; Isa 44:17, Isa 44:19; make something for (ל person), + מִן of material Son 3:9.
2 produce, yield: of grain, yielding meal Hos 8:7 (twice in verse), vineyard, grapes Isa 5:2 (twice in verse); Isa 5:4 (twice in verse); Isa 5:10, tree, fruit 2Ki 19:30 = Isa 37:31; Hos 9:16; Jer 12:2; Jer 17:8; Eze 17:23 (all figurative), Gen 1:11-12, (P); branches Job 14:9 and (figurative) Eze 17:8; land, fruit Lev 25:21 compare Hab 3:17, absolute Gen 41:47; of seed Isa 5:10, vine, shoots Eze 17:6 (figurative); of cows, yielding milk Isa 7:22; hippop. producing fat Job 15:27.
3 prepare, especially of dressing and cooking food, Gen 18:7-8, Jdg 6:19; Jdg 13:5; 1Sa 25:18 (passive), 2Sa 12:4 (twice in verse); Gen 27:14, Gen 27:17, Gen 27:31; 2Sa 13:5, 2Sa 13:7; 1Ki 17:12; Exo 12:39 (+ ל reflexive); a bullock for sacrifice (see below) 1Ki 18:23, 1Ki 18:25, 1Ki 18:26; גוֺלָה כְּלֵי Eze 12:3 (+ ל reflexive); a chamber Neh 13:7; prepare to build (+ ל person and infinitive).
4 make offering, e.g. עוֺלָה Jdg 13:16; Jer 33:18; Lev 16:24, וָזֶבַח עוֺלָה 2Ki 5:17 (+ ל of deity), הַחַטָּאת Lev 14:19, אִשֶּׁה Num 15:3, Num 15:14, various offerings 1Ki 8:64; Lev 9:22; Eze 45:17; Eze 46:2 +; + ׳לי to ׳י Lev 17:9 +; also with accusative of thing sacrificed (perhaps originally prepare or provide, see above) Eze 43:25 (twice in verse); Eze 46:15; Lev 14:30; Lev 15:15, Lev 15:30; Lev 16:9; Num 6:11, Num 6:17; Psa 66:15 (+ ל of deity) +; absolute = offer sacrifice Exo 10:25 (E + ׳לי), to (ל) heathen gods 2Ki 17:32.
5 attend to, put in order: pare (the nails) Deu 21:12; wash (feet) 2Sa 19:25; trim (beard) v.2Sa 19:25 (compare French faire la barbe, German die Haare machen).
6 observe, celebrate, religious festival, e.g. passover Exo 12:48; Num 9:4, Num 9:6, Num 9:13; Jos 5:10, also (+ ׳לי) Exo 12:48; Num 9:10, Num 9:14 (all P), Deu 16:1 +; sabbath Exo 31:16; Deu 5:15; feast of weeks Deu 16:10, booths Deu 16:13, Purim <ref>E
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 14 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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