סָפִיחַ
çâphîyach · H5599 · Hebrew · 5 occurrences
Meanings
-
torrent
A strong and fast flowing stream of water
ExamplesJob 14:19 Water wears away stones, Its torrents wash away the dust of the earth; So You destroy a man’s hope.
-
self-sown grain, aftergrowth
Crops that come up spontaneously during a year that nothing has been sown
ExamplesLeviticus 25:5 ‘You shall not reap your harvest’s aftergrowth, and you shall not gather your grapes of untrimmed vines; the land shall have a sabbatical year.
Leviticus 25:11 ‘You shall have the fiftieth year as a jubilee; you shall not sow, nor harvest its aftergrowth, nor gather grapes from its untrimmed vines.
2 Kings 19:29 ‘Then this shall be the sign for you: you will eat this year what grows of itself, in the second year what grows by itself, and in the third year sow, harvest, plant vineyards, and eat their fruit.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- הּher 2
- קָצִירharvest 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שָׁטַףto flow 1
What is done to itIt is the object
4 occurrences in 2 groups
- אָכַלto eat, to devour 2
- קָצַרto be short 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Contrasting words 1 word
- זֶרַע zeraʻ · H2233 · seed, grain, sowing
- זֶרַע refers to what is deliberately sown/planted by human action, standing in direct agricultural opposition to סָפִיחַ (what grows without human sowing). The contrast between human-sown crops and volunteer growth is a genuine lexical opposition in agricultural contexts, particularly evident in sabbatical year legislation (Lev 25) where sown crops are forbidden but volunteer growth is permitted.
In the other Testament 1 word
- αὐτόματος autómatos · G844 · without any cause, without something to cause it, by itself
- Greek αὐτόματος is the standard LXX rendering for Hebrew סָפִיחַ when referring to what grows spontaneously or of its own accord (cf. Lev 25:5, 11), making it the direct translation equivalent for this agricultural term.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Waterbodies001002008
- A broader attested sense of overflowing waters wearing away the earth, as when Job compares the erosion of hope to water wearing away stones and torrents washing away the soil.
- Crops001003001003002
- Its more frequent sense, grain that grows of itself without sowing, as in the sabbatical and jubilee laws forbidding the harvest of such self-sown grain, and in the sign given to Hezekiah of eating what grows of itself for two years.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5599. caphiyach I. [סָפִיחַ] noun [masculine] outpouring ?; — plural suffix הָאָרֶץ…
I. [סָפִיחַ] noun [masculine] outpouring ?; — plural suffix הָאָרֶץ עֲפַר תִּשְׁטֹףסְֿפִיחֶיהָ Job 14:19 (si vera lectio) its outpourings sweep away the dust of the earth, so most, but dubious; Bu proposes *סְחִיפָה, compare סֹחֵף מָטָר Pro 28:3.
II. סָפִיחַ noun [masculine] growth from spilled kernels ((kernels) poured out, accidentally, in harvesting, according to most; BuhlLex 13 and others think of additional growth, √ I. ספח); — it is what springs up of itself in second year, and serves as food when no grain could be sown: absolute ׳ס 2Ki 19:29 = Isa 37:30; construct קְצִירְךָ סְפִיחַ Lev 25:5; suffix אֶתסְֿפִיחֶיהַ תִּקְצְרוּ Lev 25:11.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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