eRhema Explore
Word

נָגַשׂ

nâgas · H5065 · Hebrew · 23 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. taskmaster, driver

    A person who forces humans and animals to perform certain activities

    Examples

    Exodus 3:7 And the LORD said, “I have certainly seen the oppression of My people who are in Egypt, and have heard their outcry because of their taskmasters, for I am aware of their sufferings.

    Exodus 5:6 So the same day Pharaoh commanded the taskmasters over the people and their foremen, saying,

    Exodus 5:10 So the taskmasters of the people and their foremen went out and spoke to the people, saying, “This is what Pharaoh says: ‘I am not going to give you any straw.

  2. ruler

    Literally: taskmaster; hence: a person in a position of leadership over others

    Examples

    Isaiah 3:12 My people! Their oppressors treat them violently, And women rule over them. My people! Those who guide you lead you astray And confuse the direction of your paths.

    Isaiah 60:17 “Instead of bronze I will bring gold, And instead of iron I will bring silver, And instead of wood, bronze, And instead of stones, iron. And I will make peace your administrators, And righteousness your overseers.

    Zechariah 10:4 “From them will come the cornerstone, From them the tent peg, From them the bow of battle, From them every tyrant, all of them together.

  3. to exact money

    Literally: to urge (people to pay); hence: causative action by which humans cause (other) humans to pay tribute or pay back a debt

    Examples

    Deuteronomy 15:2 “And this is the regulation for the release of debts: every creditor is to forgive what he has loaned to his neighbor; he shall not require it of his neighbor and his brother, because the LORD’S release has been proclaimed.

    Deuteronomy 15:3 “From a foreigner you may require it, but your hand shall forgive whatever of yours is with your brother.

    2 Kings 23:35 So Jehoiakim gave the silver and gold to Pharaoh, but he assessed the land in order to give the money at the command of Pharaoh. He collected the silver and gold from the people of the land, each according to his assessment, to give to Pharaoh Neco.

  4. to oppress

    Literally: to urge; hence: action by which humans maltreat other humans and cause suffering and distress

    Examples

    1 Samuel 13:6 When the men of Israel saw that they were in trouble (for the people were hard-pressed), then the people kept themselves hidden in caves, in crevices, in cliffs, in crypts, and in pits.

    1 Samuel 14:24 Now the men of Israel were hard-pressed on that day, for Saul had put the people under oath, saying, “Cursed be the man who eats food before evening, and before I have avenged myself on my enemies.” So none of the people tasted food.

    Isaiah 3:5 And the people will be oppressed, Each one by another, and each one by his neighbor; The youth will assault the elder, And the contemptible person will assault the one honored.

How it’s used In 11 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

9 occurrences in 6 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

4 occurrences in 5 groups

Second objectAs in “call him Lord”

1 occurrences in 2 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

3 occurrences in 4 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

1 occurrences in 1 groups

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

6 occurrences in 5 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

6 occurrences in 5 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

2 occurrences in 2 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

1 occurrences in 1 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

4 occurrences in 4 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 1 word
ἀπαιτέω apaitéō · G523 · to ask back
ἀπαιτέω (apaitéō, G523) ἀπαιτέω specifically denotes the act of demanding back what is owed (often with legal or financial force), narrower than נָגַשׂ (nâgas, H5065) נָגַשׂ's broader semantic range of oppressive extraction including tax collection, taskmasters driving laborers, and general economic coercion; the Greek term captures the 'exacting' sense of the Hebrew root in contexts where debt or obligation is being forcibly collected.
Semantic domains 4 entries
Urge002003003023
נָגַשׂ denotes pressing or driving someone to labor, as in the taskmasters who pressed the Israelites to complete their brick quota without straw (Exodus 5:13), tying the word to forceful compulsion to act.
Leaders001001003005
The word also functions substantively for the taskmaster or overseer who exacts labor, as in the taskmasters set over the Israelites in Egypt (Exodus 3:7, 5:6), associating the term with a person in a position of coercive authority over others.
Non-Possess002003002018
The domain classification here reflects the oppressive extraction of goods or labor from those who have no power to refuse, stripping the oppressed of their own time, resources, or produce.
Unsafe002003003022
The word's association with the harsh, punishing treatment of the Israelite slaves under their taskmasters ties it to a condition of hardship and danger imposed by an oppressor.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5065. nagas [נָגַשׂ verb press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian naga&198;šu, throw down,…
H5065. nagas
[נָגַשׂ verb press, drive, oppress, exact (Assyrian naga&198;šu, throw down, overthrow, DlHWB 448; Arabic rouse and drive game, drive vehemently; Ethiopic reign, wield power, king); —
Qal Perfect ׳נ 2Ki 23:25; Imperfect יִגּשֹׁ Deu 15:2; Deu 15:2masculine singular תִּגּשֹׁ Deu 15:3; Deu 15:2masculine plural תִּנְגּ֑שֹׁוּ Isa 58:3; — Participle נֹגֵשׂ Isa 9:3 +, etc.; —
1 press, drive to work (object עַצְּבֵיכֶם your workmen), Isa 58:3 (GesComm., De Di Du; exact [changing ׳ע, q. v.] Che, etc.); see
2 exact with accusative כֶּסֶף, 2Ki 23:35; followed by accusative of person only Deu 15:2, Deu 15:13.
3 Participle (= substantive) driver, task-master Exo 3:7; Exo 5:6, Exo 5:10, Exo 5:13, Exo 5:14; Job 3:18; (ass-) driver Job 39:7; of (arbitrary) ruler Isa 3:12, ruler (good sense) Zec 10:4; = foreign oppressor, tyrant Isa 9:3 (with בְּ) Isa 14:2, Isa 14:4; Zec 9:8; exactor of tribute, Dan 11:20; plural abstract lordship = lord, ruler, figurative of צְדָקָה (personified) Isa 60:17 (|| שָׁלוֺם מְּקֻדָּתֵךְ).
Niph`al Perfect נִגַּשׂ 1Sa 13:6 1Sa 13:2t. + Isa 3:5 (וְ consecutive); — hard pressed by enemy 1Sa 13:6, and so 1Sa 14:24 (but omitted by emendation, after ᵐ5, Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS); treated harshly, of suffering servant of ׳י Isa 53:7; reciprocal tyrannize over (׳ב) each other Isaiah 35..

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Leaders3 occurrencesNon-Possess4 occurrencesUnsafe6 occurrencesUrge10 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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