מַס
maç · H4522 · Hebrew · 23 occurrences
Meanings
-
conscripted laborers
A class of people who are enlisted compulsorily to do work for others
Examples1 Kings 9:15 Now this is the account of the forced labor which King Solomon conscripted to build the house of the LORD, his own house, the Millo, the wall of Jerusalem, Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer.
2 Samuel 20:24 and Adoram was over the forced labor, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was the secretary;
-
tribute
An amount of money that is to be paid to a foreign ruler as a sign of dependence
ExamplesEsther 10:1 Now King Ahasuerus imposed a tax on the land and the coastlands of the sea.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
3 occurrences in 1 groups
- עָבַדto serve, to work 3
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- עָלָהto go up 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- עָלָהto go up 1
- שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- אֲדֹנִירָםAdoniram 2
- אֲדֹרָםAdoram 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
18 occurrences in 2 groups
- לto/for 26
- עַלon, upon, over, against 5
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 1
- שַׂרcommander, chief, official 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- φόρος phóros · G5411 · tribute tax
- Greek φόρος specifically denotes tribute/tax as a collected payment, while Hebrew מַס encompasses both the tribute itself and the forced labor/levy system that generates it.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Classes001001003001
- מַס denotes the class of forced laborers or slave gangs conscripted for hard labor, as with the Canaanites reduced to forced labor under Israel or the taskmasters set over the Israelites in Egypt.
- Non-Possess002003002018
- מַס denotes tribute or levy exacted from a subject people, goods or labor taken away from those under forced obligation.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4522. mas or mis I. מַס noun masculine1Ki 5:27 usually collective body of forced…
or mis I. מַס noun masculine1Ki 5:27 usually
collective body of forced labourers, task-workers, labour-band or gang, also (late) forced service, task-work, serfdom ( מִסָּא ᵑ7, especially in phrase מִיסִּין מַסְּקֵי (implying late and [for Biblical Hebrew] false sense 'tribute,' so Late Hebrew מָסִּים מַעֲלֵי; √ unknown, probably loan-word; follows analogue of ע׳׳ע); — absolute ׳מ 1 Kings 5:27 +; לָמַ֑ס Jos 17:13 +; הַמַּ֑ס 2Sa 20:24 +; plural מִסִּים Exo 1:11; —
1 labour-band, labour-gang, body of task-workers for public service, formed by levy upon the people by Solomon מִכָּליִֿשְׂרָאֵל מַס שׁלֹמֹה הַמֶּלֶךְ וַיַּ֫עַל 1 Kings 5:27, amounting to 30, 000 men v.1 Kings 5:27; ׳הַמּ הֶעֱלָה אֲשֶׁר 1Ki 9:15; עֹבֵד לְמַס שׁ ׳וַיַּעֲלֵם 1Ki 9:21 and Solomon levied them for a toiling labour-band (compare Gen 49:15; Jos 16:10) = שׁ וַיַּעֲלֵם ׳לְמַס2Ch 8:8; apparently instituted, earlier, by David, compare עַלהַֿמַּ֑ס וַאֲדֹרָם 2Sa 20:24, i.e. had charge of the body of labourers, so 1Ki 4:6; 1 Kings 5:28; 1Ki 12:18 2Ch 10:18.
2. a. of labour-bands, slave-gangs of Israel in Egypt, only מִסִּים שָׂרֵי Exo 1:11 (J) gang-overseers.
b. of conquered populations, subject to forced labour: וַעֲבָדוּךָ לָמַס לְךָ יִהְיוּ Deu 20:11 compare Jdg 1:30, Jdg 1:33, Jdg 1:35 (see GFM), Isa 31:8; Lam 1:1; so עֹבֵד לְמַס ויהי Jos 16:10 (compare Gen 49:15; 1Ki 9:21); לָמַ֑ס אֶתהַֿכְּנַעֲנִי וַיִתְּנוּ Jos 17:13, compare (וגו ׳וַיָּ֫שֶׂם) Jdg 1:28.
3 in General: לְמַסעֹֿבֵד וַיְהִי Gen 49:15 and he (Issachar) became a slaving labour-band (poem in J; compare Jos 16:10; 1Ki 9:21); compare לָמַ֑ס תִּהְיֶה רְמִיָּה Pro 12:24 (here apparently of individual)
4 forced service, serfdom (or possibly (in late passage) tribute = enforced payment, compare Late Hebrew, ᵑ7, see above), only of Ahasuerus: וגו עַלהָֿאָרֶץ מַס הַמֶּלֶךְ ׳וַיָּשֶׂם Est 10:1.
II. מַס see מסס. מֵסֵב מֵסַב, see סבב.
מִסְגֶּ֫רֶת מַסְגֵּר, see סגר.
מַסַּד see יסד. [מִסְדְּרוֺן] see סדר
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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