יוֹם

H3117. yom
יוֺם2285 noun masculineGen 1:5 day (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יומָא, ; Phoenician ים; MI5 ימן, suffix ימי Gen 1:6; Gen 1:9; Genesis 1:33, plural construct ימי Gen 1:8, suffix 3masculine singular ימה; SI3 ים; Zinjirli יום DHMSendsch Gloss; Plam. יום VogNo. 123a, Oxon. iii.; Arabic ; Ethiopic Sabean ים יום, MordtZMG 1876, 29, יומה DHMZMG 1883, 328 SabDenkm61; Assyrian ummu, ûmu COTGloss; derivation unknown; on √ and relation of יום to Phoenician ימם, Aramaic ימם, , see NöZMG 1886, 721 BaZMG 1887, 632 f.) — יוֺם absolute Gen 1:5 +; construct Gen 2:4 +; suffix יוֺמְךָ Jer 50:31; יוֺמוֺ Exo 5:13 Exo 5:22t.; יוֺמָם Jer 50:27; Ezekiel 21:34; dual יוֺמַ֫יִם Exo 21:21; יוֺמָ֑יִם Exo 16:29; Num 11:19; יֹמַ֫יִם Num 9:22; יֹמָ֑יִם Hos 6:2 ; plural יָמִים Gen 4:3 +; יָמִם; Num 6:5; יָמִין (Aramaic form; Ges§ 87, 1 a) Dan 12:13; יָמִ֫ימָה מִיָּמִים Exo 13:10 Exo 13:4t.; construct יְמֵי Gen 3:14 +; יְמוֺת Deu 32:7; Psa 90:15 ; suffix יָמַי Job 7:6 Job 7:9t.; יָמָ֑י Gen 29:21+ 8 t.; יָמֵינוּ Jer 35:8 Jer 35:7t., etc.; —
1 day, opposed to night, Gen 7:14, Gen 7:12; Gen 8:22 (all J), Gen 31:39-40, (E), Exo 24:18; Exo 34:28; Num 11:32 (twice in verse); Jos 10:13 (all J E), Deu 9:9, Deu 9:11, Deu 9:18, Deu 9:25; Deu 10:10 (D), Gen 1:5, Gen 1:14, Gen 1:16, Gen 1:18 (P), 1Sa 30:12; Jdg 19:8-9, (twice in verse); Jdg 19:11; Amo 5:8; 1Ki 8:29; 1Ki 19:8; Neh 4:16; Ecc 8:16; || בוֺאהַֿשֶּׁמֶשׁ לִפְנֵי 2Sa 3:35; הַיּ ׳חֹם Gen 18:1(J) the heat of the day 1Sa 11:11; 2Sa 4:5; ׳הַיּ גָּדוֺל עוֺד Gen 29:7 (J) the day is still high, not near its end; הַיּ ׳רוּחַ Gen 3:8 coll of the day; הַיּ ׳מַחֲצִית עַדֿ מִןהָֿאוֺר Neh 8:3 from dawn until mid-day; so also probably of mid-day הַיּוֺם עַדנְֿכוֺן ואור הוֺלך Pro 4:18 growing lighter and lighter until the full day; note phrase in Judges 19, הַיּ ׳עַדנְֿטוֺת Jdg 19:8 until the declining of the day; הַיּ ׳רָפָה לַעֲרוֺב Jdg 19:9 the day hath sunk down to become evening; הַיּ ׳חֲנוֺת Jdg 19:9 the declining of the day; ׳הַיּ מְאֹד רַד Jdg 19:11 the day has gone down exceedingly (is far spent).
2 Day as division of time:
a. working-day Exo 20:9-10, (E) = Deu 5:18; Exo 16:26, Exo 16:30 (twice in verse) (J), Exo 23:12 (JE), Exo 31:15 (P), Lev 23:3 (H); הַמַּעֲשֶׂה יְמֵי Eze 46:1.
b. יוֺם דֶּרֶךְ a day's journey Num 11:31 (twice in verse)( J E), 1Ki 19:4; אֶחָד יוֺם מַהֲלַךְ Jon 3:4; יָמִים שְׁלשֶׁת דֶּרֶךְ a three days' journey Gen 30:36; Exo 3:18; Exo 5:3; Exo 8:23 (all J), Num 10:33 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 33:8 (P); יָמִים שְׁלשֶׁת מַהֲלַךְ Jon 3:3; so seven days' journey Gen 31:23 (E), 2Ki 3:9; without דֶּרֶךְ etc., יָמִים שְׁלשֶׁת Exo 15:22 (E) they went three days, etc.
c. to denote duration of various other acts or states: seven days Gen 7:4, Gen 7:10; Gen 8:10, Gen 8:12; forty days Gen 7:17; Gen 8:6 (all J); 150 days Gen 7:24; Gen 8:3 (both P), 1Sa 25:38; 1Ki 8:65 (twice in verse); Jer 42:7; Eze 4:5-6, 1Ch 9:25; Ezr 6:22; Est 1:4 etc. In Est 4:16
1 &
2 are combined: וָיוֺם לַיְלָה יָמִים שְׁלשֶׁת וְאַלתִּֿשְׁתּוּ do not eat and do not drink for thee days, night or day (see Zec 14:7 below
3 below)
d. day as defined by evening and morning Gen 1:5, Gen 1:8, Gen 1:13, Gen 1:19, Gen 1:23, Gen 1:31 (all P; compare further עֶרֶב בֹּקֶר,); see also Gen 2:2 (twice in verse); Gen 2:3 (P), Exo 20:11 (twice in verse)(E), Exo 32:17 (twice in verse) (P).
e. day of month (with ordinal number), chiefly P and late: Gen 7:11; Gen 8:4, Gen 8:14; Exo 12:6, Exo 12:18 (twice in verse) +, 1Ki 12:32; 1Ki 12:33; Eze 45:21; Eze 45:25; Zec 1:7; Hag 1:1; Hag 1:15; Haggai 1:18; 2Ch 29:17 (twice in verse); Ezr 3:6; Neh 8:2; Neh 9:1; Dan 10:4; Est 3:12; Est 9:1 +; (יוֺם often omitted e.g. Gen 8:5, Gen 8:13; Exo 12:10; 2Ki 25:1, 2Ki 25:3; Eze 1:1-2, Hag 2:1, Hag 2:20; Zec 7:1; 2Ch 3:2; Ezr 6:19; Est 3:13, etc.)
f. יוֺם defined by substantive, infinitive, or other clause: (1) construct הַשֶּׁלֶג יוֺם = the snowy day 2Sa 23:20 = 1Ch 11:22; סַגְרִיר יוֺם Pro 27:15 = rainy d.; קָרָה יוֺם Pro 25:20 = cold d.; (so, = time צָרָתִי יוֺם Gen 35:3 (E) d. of my distrees; Jer 18:17; Lam 1:7; Pro 24:10; Pro 25:19; Pro 27:10; מוֺתוֺ יוֺם etc. Jdg 13:7; 2Sa 6:23; 2Ki 15:5 + often; compare אֶתמַּֿרְעֹה הֻלֶּדֶת יוֺם Gen 40:20 (E) = Pharaoh's birthday; הִוָּלְדָהּ כְּיוֺם Hos 2:5 compare Ecc 7:1 (see also 7d below; compare יוֺמוֺ Job 3:1), חֲתֻנָּה יום Son 3:11; of day emphatically characterized by prophets and others וּמְבוּכָה וּמְבוּסָה מְהוּמָה יוֺם Isa 22:5 (see מְהוּמָה below הום); וּנְאָצָה וְתוֺכֵחָה צָרָה יוֺם Isa 37:3 = 2Ki 19:3; on the other hand לי רָצוֺן ׳יוֺם Isa 58:5 a day of acceptableness to ׳י; plural followed by substantive שָׂכִיר יְמֵי Lev 25:50 (H) the days of an hireling; (מִלֻּאֵיכֶםׅ יְמֵי Lev 8:33; Num 6:13; followed by rel. clause וגו ׳אִמִּי אֲשֶׁריְֿלָדַתְנִי יוֺם בּ֑וֺ יֻלַּדְתִּי אֲשֶׁר הַיּוֺם אָרוּר Jer 20:14 compare Job 3:3; also Psa 118:24 (see i).
g. particular days defined by proper name, of a location: יִזְרְעֶאל יוֺם Hos 2:2 i.e. of judgement, with implied restoration; see also Isa 9:3; Eze 30:9; הַגִּבְעָה יְמֵי Hos 9:9; Hos 10:9, i.e. of the outrage at Gibeah (Jdg 19:22ff.); ירושׁלם יוֺם Psa 137:7 i.e. of Jerusalem's calamity, compare Jer 50:27, Jer 50:31.
h. with suffix, thy, his, or their day, in sense of (1) day of disaster or death: Psalms יוֺמְךָ בָּא Jer 50:31 thy day has come; וָמֵת יָבאֹ יומו אוֺ 1Sa 26:10; יומו in this sense also Eze 21:30; Psa 37:13; Job 18:20; יוֺמָם בָּא Jer 50:27; Ezekiel 21:34.
i. specifically a holy day: הַשַּׁבָּת יוֺם the sabbath day (see also שַׁבָּת), Exo 20:8, Exo 20:11(E) = Deu 5:12, Deu 5:15; Exo 31:15; Exo 35:3 +; = קָדְשִׁי יוֺם Isa 58:13; repetition הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם הַשַּׁבָּת בְּיוֺם Lev 24:8 every Sabbath day; also הַכִּמֻּרים יוֺם Lev 23:27; Lev 25:9; כִּמֻּרִים יוֺם Lev 23:28; הַבִּכּוּרִים יוֺם Num 28:26; חַגֵּנוּ יוֺם Psa 81:4; מַלְכֵּנוּ יוֺם Hos 7:5; also of false gods, הַבְּעָלִים יִמֵי Hos 2:11.
3 י ׳יוֺם day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous (see RSProph. 396 f. DrIsaiah 28); Amo 5:18 (twice in verse); Amo 5:20; Isa 2:12; Isa 13:6, Isa 13:9; Zep 1:7 (compare Zep 1:8), Zep 1:14; Zep 1:14 (compare Zep 1:15; Zep 1:16), Jer 46:10; Eze 13:5; Eze 30:3 (compare Eze 36:33; Eze 39:8, Eze 39:11, Eze 39:13); Obad 15; Zec 14:1; Malachi 3:23 (compare Zec 14:7; Mal 3:2, Mal 3:17; Malachi 3:19 (twice in verse); Malachi 3:21), Joe 1:15; Joe 2:1, Joe 2:11 (compare Joe 2:2; Joe 2:2), Joe 3:4; Joel 4:14; י עֶבְרַת ׳יוֺם Zep 1:18; עֶבְרָה יוֺם Pro 11:4; אַמּוֺ חֲרוֺן יוֺם Isa 13:13; Lam 1:12; נָקָם יוֺם Isa 34:8; Isa 61:2; Isa 63:4; נְקָמָה יוֺם Jer 46:10; י אַף ׳יוֺם Zep 2:2-3, Lam 2:22; אַמּוֺ יוֺם Lam 2:1; compare also Zec 14:7 (where senses of 1 and
2 are combined, compare Est 4:16 2c above); לי יִּוָּדַע הוּא ׳אֶחָד לָ֑יְלָה וְלֹא יוֺם לֹא יוֺםֿ וְהָיָה but there shall be one day, known shall it be of ׳י not day and not night; compare also ההוא ביום 7g below
4 Plural days of any one:
a. = his life, his age Gen 6:3 (J), Deu 22:19, Deu 22:29; Deu 23:7; Jos 24:31 (twice in verse) (D), Jdg 2:7 (twice in verse); Jdg 2:18; 1Sa 25:28, etc.; Gen 5:4, Gen 5:8, Gen 5:11; Gen 9:29; Gen 11:32 (all P), Job 7:1 (twice in verse); Job 7:6, Job 7:16; Job 8:9, Psa 39:5 (twice in verse); Psa 90:9; Psa 90:10; Psa 90:12; Psa 90:14; Psa 103:15; חַיֶּיךָ כָּליְֿמֵי Gen 3:14, Gen 3:17 (J), Psa 23:6, so Pro 31:12; חַיִּים שְׁנֵי יְמֵי 2Sa 19:35; Gen 25:7; Gen 47:8-9, (all P); חַיָּיו יְמֵי Ecc 5:17; Ecc 5:19; שָׁנָיו יְמֵי Ecc 6:3; שְׁנוֺתֵינוּ יְמֵי Psa 90:10; חַיֵּיהֶם יְמֵי מִסְמַּר Ecc 2:3; הֶבְלוֺ חַיֵּי יְמֵי מִסְמַּר Ecc 6:12 the number of the days of the years of his vanity, i.e. his empty, fleeting years; הָאֲדָמָה עַלמְּֿנֵי חַיִּים אֲשֶׁרהֵֿם כָּלהַּֿיָּמִים 1Ki 8:40; רַבִּים יָמִים long life 1Ki 3:11= 2Ch 1:11; בַּיָּמִים בָּא advanced in days = of advanced age Gen 18:11; Gen 24:1 (both J), Jos 13:1 (twice in verse) (JE), Jos 23:1-2,(D), 1Ki 1:1; מִיָּמָיו 1Ki 1:6 from his (earliest) days, so מִיָּמֶיךָ 1Sa 25:28 (see Dr), Job 38:12; יָמִים שְׂבַע Job 42:17; 1Ki 8:40; יָמֶיךָ יַאֲרִכוּן Exo 20:12 (JE) that thy days may be long = Deu 5:16, see further ארך; תּוֺסִיף עַליְֿמֵימֶֿלֶךְ יָמִים Psa 61:7 i.e. prolong the king's life; outlive is אַחֲרֵי יָמִים הֶאֱרִיךְ Jos 24:31(D), Jdg 2:7; חַיִּים וּשְׁנוֺת יָמִים אֹרֶךְ Pro 3:2 length of days and years of life; יָמִים אֹרֶךְ Pro 3:16; דבאך כְּיָמֶיךָ Deu 33:25 according to (the length of) thy life shall be [ thy strength ? read רבאך ?] see Di VB; rarely singular e.g. יוֺם קְשֵׁהֿ Job 30:25 one hurd of day, i.e. whose day (= life) was hard; of life as approaching its end, לָמוּת ישׂראל יְמֵי וַיִּקְרְבוּ Gen 47:29 (J) and the days of Israel drew near for dying, so Deu 31:14; 1Ki 2:1 (compare Job 7:6, Job 7:16; Job 8:9; Ecc 2:3 above)
b. (in) the days of (i.e. life-time, reign, or activity of) Gen 10:25 (J), Gen 14:1; Jdg 5:6 (twice in verse); Jdg 8:28; 2Sa 21:1; 1Ki 16:34; 1Ki 21:29 (twice in verse); 1Ki 22:47; 2Ki 20:19; 2Ch 13:20; 2Ch 35:18 + often (so M 2Ch 1:6. 8.8.9.33).
c. hence in phrase לְ הַיָּמִים דִּבְרֵי סֵפֶר 1Ki 14:19, 1Ki 14:29 1Ki 14:31t. Kings, Neh 12:23; Est 2:23; Est 10:2; הַיָּמִים דִּבְרֵי מִסְמַּר 1Ch 27:24; הַיָּמִים דִּבְרֵי הַזִּכְרֹנוֺת סֵפֶר Est 6:1.
5 Days:
a. indefinite: אֲחָדִים יָמִים some days, a few days Gen 27:44 (J), Gen 29:10 (E), Dan 11:20; יָמִים alone Dan 40:4 (E) they were days (a certain time) in the prison 1Ki 17:15; Neh 1:4; יָמִים עוּל Isa 65:20 a suckling of (a few) days; מִיָּמִים Jdg 11:4 after a time, Jdg 15:1; so יָמִים מִקֵּץ Gen 4:3 (J) after the end of days, 1Ki 17:7; יוֺמַיִם אוֺ יוֺם Exo 21:21(JE) a day or two. עָשׂוֺר אוֺ יָמִים Gen 24:55 (J) some days, or ten (days or a dekad; on question of text see Di).
b. of long time, שָׁנִים זֶה אוֺ יָמִים זֶה 1Sa 29:3 these days or these years; יָמִים אוֺ חֹדֶשׁ אוֺ יֹמַיִם אוֺ Num 9:22 (P) whether two days or a month or days (an indefinitely long period); רַבִּים יָמִים many days Gen 21:34 (JE) Gen 37:34 (J) +; וגו הַיָּמִים ׳וַיִּרְבּוּ Gen 38:12 (J) and the days were multiplied (= time passed)