Word

חָתַת

châthath · H2865 · Hebrew · 53 occurrences

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Meanings

to burst, to crack, to break

State in which the surface of the soil is broken into many pieces

Examples
Jeremiah 14:4 Because the ground is cracked, For there has been no rain on the land. The farmers have been put to shame, They have covered their heads.
to break, to shatter

Causative action by which humans (or, by extension, deities) break an object into many pieces; associated with total destruction

Examples
Isaiah 9:4 For You will break the yoke of their burden and the staff on their shoulders, The rod of their oppressor, as at the battle of Midian.
to fear, to be afraid, to be discouraged

State in which humans or animals lack inner strength and courage

Examples
Deuteronomy 1:21 ‘See, the LORD your God has placed the land before you; go up, take possession, just as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has spoken to you. Do not fear or be dismayed.’
to frighten, to terrify

Causative action by which humans or deities cause (other) humans to lack inner strength and courage

Examples
Job 7:14 Then You frighten me with dreams, And terrify me by visions,
to be broken, to be shattered

State in which humans have lost most of their political strength as a result of defeat and death; associated with loss of status and with ridicule

Examples
2 Kings 19:26 ‘Therefore their inhabitants were powerless, They were shattered and put to shame. They were like the vegetation of the field and the green grass, Like grass on the housetops that is scorched before it has grown.
to fear, to stand in awe

State in which humans feel fear and deep respect for deities

Examples
Malachi 2:5 “My covenant with him was one of life and peace, and I gave them to him as an object of reverence; so he revered Me and was in awe of My name.
to be broken, to end

Causative action by which an event is brought to an end

Examples
Isaiah 51:6 “Raise your eyes to the sky, Then look to the earth beneath; For the sky will vanish like smoke, And the earth will wear out like a garment And its inhabitants will die in the same way. But My salvation will be forever, And My righteousness will not fail.

How it’s used In 4 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

53 occurrences in 21 groups

Not stated: you (one person) 13
Not stated: you (more than one) 9
Not stated: they 8
Not stated: he, she or it 5
Other words · 17 groups that occur once or twice (18) 18

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

6 occurrences in 6 groups

נִיme 2
מַטֶּהtribe, staff, rod 1
עֵילָםElam 1
עֹלyoke 1
ךָּyou 1
הֶןthem 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

16 occurrences in 13 groups

מִןfrom+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 5
Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (13) 13

With adverbsAdverbs

23 occurrences in 3 groups

אַלnot, do not 16
לֹאnot 6
מְאֹדvery 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Contrasting words 1 word

חָזַק châzaq · H2388 · to be strong, to prevail, to overcome: חָתַת (dismay, terrify, cause fear or discouragement) and חָזַק (strengthen, encourage, take courage) represent opposing psychological states and actions: one denotes the instilling or experience of fear and dismay that weakens resolve, while the other denotes strengthening and encouraging that fortifies resolve.

Semantic domains 4 entries

Impact002001001024: חָתַת can describe being beaten or broken down, a forceful impact that shatters or crushes, related to the terror it produces.
Afraid002001002001: The verb most commonly denotes being terrified or dismayed, as Moses' repeated command not to fear or be dismayed in the face of conquest (Deuteronomy 1:21, 31:8; Joshua 1:9).
Weak002001001069: The dismay this verb describes leaves a person weakened and discouraged, sapped of resolve and strength to act.
End002003003010: In some uses the verb carries the sense of bringing something to an end or abolishing it, a termination brought about through overwhelming force or dismay.

Word family 6 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

חָתַתchâthath · H2865חִתִּית chittîyth · H2851 · terror · 8×חַת chath · H2844 · broken, fear, terror · 4×חִתָּה chittâh · H2847 · terror · 1×חַתְחַת chathchath · H2849 · danger · 1×חֲתַת chăthath · H2866 · calamity · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2865. chathath [חָתַת] verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian —attu, terror, DlHWB 296;…

H2865. chathath
[חָתַת] verb be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian —attu, terror, DlHWB 296; Talmud חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic is scrutari, examinare, see DiLex, 105) —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular חַת Jer 50:2-3;feminine singular חַ֫תָּה Jer 14:4 Jer 14:2t., וָחָ֑תָּה Jer 48:1; Jer 48:3plural חַ֫תּוּ Isa 37:27 Isa 37:4t., וְחַתּ֫וּ consecutive Isa 20:5 Isa 20:2t., וָחָ֑תּוּ consecutive Jer 50:36; Imperfect (Köi. 366) יֵחַת Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Job 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Isa 31:4, אֵחַ֫תָּה Jer 17:18, יֵחַ֫תּוּ 1Sa 2:10 1Sa 2:3t. — On יֵּחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 see נָחַת; — תֵּחָ֑תּוּ Jos 10:25 Jos 10:2t., etc.; Imperative וָחֹ֫תּוּ Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse); —
1 be shattered, broken, figurative of nations under divine judgment Isa 7:8; Isa 30:31; so probably also Isa 8:9 (3 t. in verse) (but strike out in va), and perhaps (of ׳י's foes in General) 1Sa 2:10 (song; — others render dismayed in all except Isa 7:8); figurative of ׳יs righteousness Isa 51:6 (= be abolished, annihilated); literally of bows Jer 51:56, according to Gie's reading חַתָּה, see Pi`el 2. be dismayed, usually
a. absolute: || יָרֵא Deu 1:21; Deu 31:8; Jos 8:1; Jos 10:25 (all D), 1Sa 17:11; Jer 23:4; Jer 30:10; Jer 46:27; Eze 2:6; Eze 3:9; 1Ch 22:13; 1Ch 28:20; 2Ch 20:15, 2Ch 20:17; 2Ch 32:7; || בּוֺשׁ Isa 20:5; Isa 37:27 = 2Ki 19:26; Jer 8:9; Jer 17:18 (twice in verse); Jer 48:1, Jer 48:20, Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) (others assign. Jer 48:20, Jer 48:39; Jer 50:2 (twice in verse) to
1); figurative of the ground הָאֲדָמָה, dismayed for lack of rain Jer 14:4 read probably with Duhm (after ᵐ5) Co Dr ׳וְעֹבְדֵ חַתּוּ; (|| בּוֺשׁ of the husband-men); no || Jer 50:36; Obadiah 9; Job 39:22.
b. be dismayed at, by reason of, followed by מִן Isa 31:4, Isa 31:9; Isa 51:7 (|| יָרֵא) Jer 1:17; Jer 10:2 (twice in verse).
Niph`al Perfect only 3 masculine singular נִחַת שְׁמִי וּמִמְּנֵי Mal 2:5 and at my name he is put in awe (|| יָרֵא).
Pi`el Perfect dismay, scare, 2 masculine singular suffix בַחֲלֹמוֺת וְחִתַּתַּ֫נִי (Köi. 372) consecutive Job 7:14 and thou scarest me with dreams (|| בִּעֵת); 3 feminine singular חִתְּתָה Jer 51:56 (of bows) is intransitive [inchoate Ew§ 120, 2 d], Gf and others, be shattered, but text probably erroneous. Gie חַתָּה (see Qal 1).
Hiph`il Perfect2masculine singular הַחִתֹּתָ Isa 9:3; Isa 9:1singular וְהַחְתַּתִּ֫י Jer 49:37 (Köi. 372); Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יְחִתֵּנִי Job 31:34, suffix 3feminine plural יְחִיתַ֑ן Hab 2:17 (Köi. 374; but ᵑ6 ᵑ7 ᵐ5 Ew Ol Sta We יְחִתֶּ֑ךָ); 1 singular suffix אֲחִתְּךָ Jer 1:17 (followed by לפניהם) —
1 shutter with accusative Isa 9:3.
2. a. cause to be dismayed Jer 49:37 followed by לִפְנֵי.
b. dismay, terrify, followed by suffix Job 31:34; Hab 2:17.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 4 entries

Impact3 occurrences Weak11 occurrences Afraid38 occurrences End1 occurrence

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0