חַת
chath · H2844 · Hebrew · 4 occurrences
Meanings
-
broken
State of being broken or destroyed; associated with hardship
Examples1 Samuel 2:4 “The bows of the mighty are broken to pieces, But those who have stumbled strap on strength.
-
fear, terror, afraid
State of lacking inner strength and courage
ExamplesGenesis 9:2 “The fear of you and the terror of you will be on every animal of the earth and on every bird of the sky; on everything that crawls on the ground, and on all the fish of the sea. They are handed over to you.
Job 41:33 “Nothing on earth is like him, One made without fear.
Jeremiah 46:5 “Why have I seen it? They are terrified, They are retreating, And their warriors are defeated And have taken refuge in flight, Without facing back. Terror is on every side!” Declares the LORD.
How it’s used In 4 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- כֶםyour 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- בְּלִיwithout, not 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הֵםthey, them 1
- קֶשֶׁתbow 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- פַּחַד pachad · H6343 · trembling, terror, awe
- Hebrew noun for fear/dread/terror; a core synonym for the emotional state of fear denoted by חַת, from a different root (פחד).
- אֵימָה ʼêymâh · H367 · terror, dread, fierce anger
- Hebrew noun for terror/dread; semantically overlaps with חַת in denoting a state of fear and dismay, from the root אים.
Contrasting words 2 words
- בֶּטַח beṭach · H983 · confident, unsuspecting, securely
- The second word is a Hebrew noun denoting security, safety and assurance, the lexical opposite of fear, dread and dismay (חַת), representing the state of being secure rather than terrified.
- עֹז ʻôz · H5797 · strong, mighty, strength
- Hebrew noun for strength/might/boldness; the opposite emotional and psychological state from being broken/dismayed/fearful.
In the other Testament 2 words
- φόβος phóbos · G5401 · fear, something to be feared
- Greek noun for fear/dread that regularly translates Hebrew חַת and its root חתת in the LXX; both denote the emotional state of terror or dismay.
- πτοέω ptoéō · G4422 · to be very frightened, to be terrified, to be alarmed
- Greek verb meaning to terrify or cause fear, semantically parallel to the state of being dismayed/broken in fear denoted by חַת.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Impact002001001024
- חַת can describe being shattered or broken, used of the bows of the mighty broken to pieces (1 Samuel 2:4), a physical breaking that parallels the word's sense of dread striking someone down.
- Afraid002001002001
- The word more commonly denotes terror or dread itself, the fear that falls on all creatures because of humanity after the flood (Genesis 9:2).
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2844. chath I. [חַת] noun masculineGen 9:2 terror, fear; — חָ֑ת Job 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Gen…
I. [חַת] noun masculineGen 9:2 terror, fear; — חָ֑ת Job 41:25, חִתְּכֶם Gen 9:2; — with suffix as object Genitive, Gen 9:2 terror of you (|| מוֺרַאֲכֶם); in description of crocodile with negative, לִבְלִיחָֿ֑ת הֶעָשׂוּ Job 41:25 one made for fearlessness.
II. [חַת] adjective shattered, dismayed — masculine plural חַתִּים: —
1 shattered ח גִּבֹּרִים ׳קֶשֶׁת 1Sa 2:4 (song; on plural חַתִּים see Dr); so figurative Eze 32:30 according to ᵐ5 Manuscripts Co (חַתִּים for חִתִּיתָם ᵑ0) broken in their might, of Sidonians in She'ôl.
2 dismayed Jer 46:5 of Egyptians defeated by Nebuchadrezzar.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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