חׇרְבָּה
chorbâh · H2723 · Hebrew · 42 occurrences
Meanings
-
desolation, ruin
State in which a land, building, or town has been totally destroyed, to the extent that nobody can live there anymore
ExamplesLeviticus 26:31 ‘I will turn your cities into ruins as well and make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will not smell your soothing aromas.
Leviticus 26:33 ‘You, however, I will scatter among the nations, and I will draw out a sword after you, as your land becomes desolate and your cities become ruins.
Ezra 9:9 “For we are slaves; yet in our bondage our God has not abandoned us, but has extended favor to us in the sight of the kings of Persia, to give us reviving to erect the house of our God, to restore its ruins, and to give us a wall in Judah and Jerusalem.
-
uninhabitable place, desolation
A place where no one can live, whether as a result of destruction or not
ExamplesPsalm 102:6 I resemble a pelican of the wilderness; I have become like an owl of the ruins.
Isaiah 48:21 They did not thirst when He led them through the deserts. He made the water flow out of the rock for them; He split the rock and the water gushed out.
Jeremiah 7:34 “Then I will eliminate from the cities of Judah and from the streets of Jerusalem the voice of joy and the voice of gladness, the voice of the groom and the voice of the bride; for the land will become a site of ruins.
How it’s used In 9 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
13 occurrences in 8 groups
- עוֹלָםforever 4
- יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִםJerusalem 2
- הּher 2
- חֹרֶבdryness 1
- מֵחַfatling 1
- ךְyour 1
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- יָשַׁבto dwell, to live, to sit 1
- אֵלֶּהthese 1
- שָׁמֵםto be desolate, to be appalled 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שְׁמָמָהdesolation 1
What it doesIt is the subject
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- בָּנָהto build, to rebuild, to establish 2
- נָפַלto fall 1
What is done to itIt is the object
9 occurrences in 5 groups
- בָּנָהto build, to rebuild, to establish 4
- הָיָהto be, to become 2
- נָחַםto comfort, to relent, to be sorry 1
- עָמַדto stand 1
- קוּםto arise 1
Second object ofSecond object
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 2
- שׂוּםto put, to set, to place 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הִנֵּהbehold 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
21 occurrences in 5 groups
- לto/for 23
- בin/on/with 4
- מִןfrom 2
- עַלon, upon, over, against 1
- כlike/as 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יָשַׁבto dwell, to live, to sit 1
- כּוֹסcup 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἔρημος érēmos · G2048 · uninhabited, deserted, desert
- Greek ἔρημος emphasizes the lonesome/uninhabited quality of desolation, while Hebrew חׇרְבָּה focuses on the physical ruined/decayed state resulting from destruction.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Impact002001001024
- The word denotes destruction or ruin brought about by devastating force, as in Leviticus 26:31's and 26:33's warning that cities will become ruins.
- Landscapes001002004
- The word denotes a desolate or ruined place, as in Ezra 9:9's and Job 3:14's references to rebuilding ruins as a physical landscape feature.
Word family 8 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2723. chorbah חָרְבָּה noun feminine waste, desolation, ruin; — absolute ׳ח Lev 26:31…
חָרְבָּה noun feminine waste, desolation, ruin; — absolute ׳ח Lev 26:31 Lev 26:15t. + Eze 38:8 (strike out ᵑ6 Co) + Eze 38:12 ᵐ5 חרבה Co for חרבות; plural חֳרָבוֺת Psa 9:7 Psa 9:11t. (Eze 38:12, compare above); construct חָרְבוֺת Isa 5:17 Isa 5:7t.; suffix חָרְבֹתַיִךְ Isa 49:19; חָרְבֹתָיו Ezr 9:9; חָרְבֹתֶיהָ Isa 51:3; חָרְבוֺתֶיהָ Isa 44:26; חָרְבוֺתֵיהֶם Psa 109:10 2Ch 34:6 (compare חֶרֶב and below); (chiefly mid. and late Hebrew Isa28t.; Jeremiah 10 t., Ezekiel 14 t. — including Eze 38:8, q. strike out Co); —
1 waste, ruin, of cities of Israel Lev 26:31, Lev 26:33 (H); Judah Isa 44:26; Isa 49:19 (|| שֹׁמְמֹת), Isa 58:12 (בנה), Jer 25:18; Jer 27:17; Jer 44:2, Jer 44:6; Eze 5:14; ruins of Jerusalem Isa 52:9; Dan 9:2; also Eze 35:4; compare Mal 1:4 (with בנה), Eze 36:10 (with בנה) Eze 36:33 (id.); Egypt Eze 29:9-10, (in both || שְׁמָמָה; חֹרֶב חרבות in Eze 29:10); ruin of temple Ezr 9:9; = ruined dwellings Psa 109:10; compare 2Ch 34:6, where read perhaps בְּחָרְבֹתֵיהֶם for בתיהם בּחר (see חֶרֶב below III. חרב); Jer 22:5; in General ruins (si vera 1., see Di; object of בנה) Job 3:14; ח ׳כוס Psa 102:7 an owl of a ruin.
2 of land: waste place amid ruins Isa 5:17, compare Isa 51:3 (|| עֲרָבָה מִדְבָּר,); land a desolation Jer 7:34; Jer 44:22; Eze 25:13 (Edom) Jer 25:11; Isa 64:10 and Eze 33:24, Eze 33:27 (of Judah), compare Eze 13:4, בח ׳כְשֻׁעָלִים simile of the prophets; ׳הח הַשֹּׁמֵמוֺת Eze 36:4 (of Israel); of desolation of enemies of Israel Psa 9:7 (׳ח לָנֶ֫צַח); ׳ח עולם = old ruins Isa 61:4 (with בנה); elsewhere perpetual ruin, desolation Jer 25:9; Jer 49:13 (cities of Bosra); ׳ה מעולם Eze 26:20 (simile of Tyre).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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