חָקַק
châqaq · H2710 · Hebrew · 19 occurrences
Thing
- ScepterRoyalty24 verses
Meanings
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to carve, portray, draw, mark out or write
The action by which humans reproduce the form or shape of an object on another object, by carving, drawing or writing, for decoration, communication, or sometimes as preparation for a new construction
ExamplesJob 19:23 “Oh that my words were written! Oh that they were recorded in a book!
Proverbs 8:27 “When He established the heavens, I was there; When He inscribed a circle on the face of the deep,
Proverbs 8:29 When He set a boundary for the sea So that the water would not violate His command, When He marked out the foundations of the earth;
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to hew out
To construct by making cuts in stone
ExamplesIsaiah 22:16 ‘What right do you have here, And whom do you have here, That you have cut out a tomb for yourself here, You who cut out a tomb on the height, You who carve a resting place for yourself in the rock?
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Causative action by which humans prescribe patterns of behavior required from other humans under their authority (to decree, to issue (a decree))
ExamplesProverbs 8:15 “By me kings reign, And rulers decree justice.
Proverbs 31:5 Otherwise they will drink and forget what is decreed, And pervert the rights of all the needy.
Isaiah 10:1 Woe to those who enact unjust statutes And to those who constantly record harmful decisions,
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commander, leader
Literally: one who decrees; hence: person who is in a position of authority over other people
ExamplesDeuteronomy 33:21 “Then he selected the choicest part for himself, For there the ruler’s portion was reserved; And he came with the leaders of the people; He executed the justice of the LORD, And His ordinances with Israel.”
Judges 5:9 “My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel, The volunteers among the people; Bless the LORD!
Judges 5:14 “From Ephraim those whose root is in Amalek came down, Following you, Benjamin, with your peoples; From Machir commanders came down, And from Zebulun those who wield the staff of office.
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a scepter or ruler's staff
An object shaped to be held in one's hand, usually made of wood or metal, held by people in authority like kings and symbolizing the authority of the one holding it
ExamplesGenesis 49:10 “The scepter will not depart from Judah, Nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, Until Shiloh comes, And to him shall be the obedience of the peoples.
Numbers 21:18 “The well, which the leaders dug, Which the nobles of the people hollowed out, With the scepter and with their staffs.” And from the wilderness they continued to Mattanah,
Psalm 108:8 “Gilead is Mine, Manasseh is Mine; Ephraim also is the helmet of My head; Judah is My scepter.
How it’s used In 10 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
10 occurrences in 6 groups
- Not stated (participle) 3
- נּוּhe 2
- Not stated: you (one person) 2
- רָזַןruler 1
- Not stated: I 1
- Not stated: they 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
8 occurrences in 8 groups
- חוּגcircle 1
- חֹקstatute, decree, portion 1
- מוֹסָדbase 1
- מִשְׁכָּןtabernacle, dwelling place 1
- עִירcity, town 1
- צֶדֶקrighteousness, justice 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
6 occurrences in 7 groups
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ כַּףpalm, hand 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ סֵפֶרbook, scroll, letter 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ הָher 1
- בin/on/with+ סֶלַעrock, cliff 1
- בin/on/with+ שָׁשַׁרbright red 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- נִיme 2
- יִשְׂרָאֵלIsrael 1
- נוּus 1
Named alongside itApposition
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- חָצַבto hew 1
- נָדַבto offer willingly, to volunteer 1
- צֶלֶםimage 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- יָרַדto go down, to come down 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
- שָׁכַחto forget 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- יְהוּדָהJudah 2
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 1
- לֵבheart, mind 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- בin/on/with 1
- לto/for 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- חֶלְקָהportion 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- כָּתַב kâthab · H3789 · to write down, to write, to inscribe
- Both lexemes share writing and inscribing semantics: חָקַק (châqaq, H2710) includes senses of "grave, note, pourtray, print" (physical inscription or engraving), and כָּתַב (kâthab, H3789) covers "write, record, describe."
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Write002001001072
- The word denotes engraving or inscribing, cutting marks or figures into a hard surface, as in the sense of portraying or graving carried by this root.
- Exist002002002005
- The word can denote something established or set in place by decree, a fixed reality brought into being through legal or royal enactment.
- Happen002002003003
- The word can denote decreeing or enacting something that then comes to pass, matching the sense of establishing an ordinance.
- Leaders001001003005
- The word denotes a ruler or commander, as in Genesis 49:10's reference to the ruler's staff and Judges 5:9's address to the commanders of Israel.
- Tools001003001001017
- The word can denote the ruler's staff or scepter, an implement of authority, as in Numbers 21:18's reference to the leaders digging with the scepter.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2710. chaqaq [חָקַק] verb cut in, inscribe, decree (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic חֲקַק,…
[חָקַק] verb cut in, inscribe, decree (Late Hebrew id., Aramaic חֲקַק, Zinjirli חקק; Phoenician id. Participle Hiph`il; Arabic be just, right, obligatory, also make or decide to be just, etc.; justness, truth, necessity, obligation; Ethiopic adjective moderate, sufficient; compare also חקה) —
Qal וְחַקּוֺתָ֫ Eze 4:1; suffix חַקֹּתִיךְ Isa 49:16; Infinitive suffix בְּחֻקּוֺ Pro 8:27; בְּחוּקוֺ Pro 8:29 (assimilated to בְּשׂוּמוֺ); חֻקָּהּ Isa 30:8; Participle חֹקְקִי Isa 22:16 (archaic case ending Ges§ 90. 3 a); plural חֹקְקִים Isa 10:1; construct חוֺקְקֵי Jdg 5:9 (possibly Po`el = מחוקקי with מְ omitted, see Ges§ 52 (2), note 6); Participle Pass. plural חֲקֻקִֿים Eze 23:14 (Co חקוקים); —
1 cut in, with בְּ, Isa 22:16, of a dwelling-place = tomb, in a rock.
2 cut in or on, upon, engrave, inscribe, with על on roll of a book Isa 30:8; representation of city on brick (as in Babylonia) Eze 4:1; images on a wall Eze 23:14; figurative of Zion's walls on palms of ׳י Isa 49:16.
3 trace, mark out, a circle, with על over the face of deep Pro 8:27; with accusative, foundations of earth Pro 8:29.
4 of a law, engrave, inscribe (on a tablet), figurative for enact, decree און חקקי חקקים Isa 10:1 (|| עמל כתב); ישׂראל חוֺקקֵי poetic = commanders (see Po`el) Jdg 5:9 (|| מחקקים Jdg 5:14).
Po`el Imperfect יְחוֺקְקוּ Pro 8:15; Participle מְחֹקֵק Gen 49:10; Num 21:18; Deu 33:21; suffix מְחֹקְקִי Psa 60:9; Psa 108:9; מְחֹקְקֵנוּ Isa 33:22; plural מְחֹקְקִים Jdg 5:14; — inscribe (as a law), enact (poetry): with accusative צֶדֶק Pro 8:15 elsewhere participle
a. prescriber of laws, hence (as sovereign authority in a warlike clan) commander Deu 33:21 (of warlike tribe of Gad), Jdg 5:14; Isa 33:22 (of ׳י; || מַלְכֵּנוּ שֹׁפְטֵנוּ,).
b. commander's staff Gen 49:10 (|| שֵׁבֶט), Num 21:18 (both poetry), Psa 60:9 = Psa 108:9.
Pu`al Participle מְחֻקָּק that which is decreed Pro 31:5 (late).
Hoph`al Imperfect יֻחָ֑קֿוּ Job 19:23 inscribed in (בְּ) a book.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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