זָעַף
zâʻaph · H2196 · Hebrew · 6 occurrences
Meanings
-
to be furious
Process by which humans become exceedingly angry to the extent that it becomes visible in their appearance
Examples2 Chronicles 26:19 But Uzziah, with a censer in his hand for burning incense, was enraged; and while he was enraged with the priests, leprosy broke out on his forehead in the presence of the priests in the house of the LORD, beside the altar of incense.
Proverbs 19:3 The foolishness of a person ruins his way, And his heart rages against the LORD.
-
to look unhealthy
Process by which someone's health deteriorates to the extent that it becomes visible in their appearance
ExamplesDaniel 1:10 The commander of the officials said to Daniel, “I am afraid of my lord the king, who has allotted your food and your drink; for why should he see your faces looking gaunt in comparison to the youths who are your own age? Then you would make me forfeit my head to the king.”
-
to look dejected
Process by which someone becomes distressed to the extent that it becomes visible in their appearance
ExamplesGenesis 40:6 When Joseph came to them in the morning and saw them, behold, they were dejected.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- הִנֵּהbehold 1
- לֵבheart, mind 1
- עֻזִּיָּהUzziah 1
- פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1
- נּוּhe 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- מִןfrom+ יֶלֶדchild, young man 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 1
- עִםwith+ כֹּהֵןpriest 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- הוּhis 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רָאָהto see 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- מִןfrom 2
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- קָצַף qâtsaph · H7107 · to be angry, to become angry, to become enraged
- Hebrew verb for 'be wroth, be angry' — synonymous with the anger/wrath sense of זָעַף, both expressing intense displeasure or anger.
- כַּעַס kaʻaç · H3707 · to be, become vexed, to be, become angry, to trouble
- Hebrew verb for 'be angry, be grieved' — overlaps with זָעַף in expressing anger and vexation, though כָּעַס often emphasizes provocation.
- חָרָה chârâh · H2734 · to dwindle, to be kindled
- Hebrew verb for 'be angry' (lit. 'burn') — synonymous with the anger aspect of זָעַף, expressing heated displeasure or wrath.
Contrasting words 2 words
- שָׂמַח sâmach · H8055 · to rejoice, to cause to rejoice
- Hebrew verb for 'rejoice, be glad' — lexical opposite of the 'fret, sad' sense of זָעַף, contrasting joyful emotion with anger and sadness.
- רָצָה râtsâh · H7521 · to be acceptable, to accept, to take pleasure
- Hebrew verb for 'be pleased, accept favorably' — opposite of the 'be wroth, displeased' sense of זָעַף, contrasting favorable disposition with anger or displeasure.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ὀργίζω orgízō · G3710 · to be full of anger, to be furious, to be angry
- Greek verb for 'be angry, be wroth' — standard translation equivalent for the 'be wroth' sense of זָעַף, particularly in contexts of anger or indignation.
- σκυθρωπός skythrōpós · G4659 · sad, gloomy
- Greek adjective for 'sad of countenance, gloomy' — corresponds to the 'fret, sad' sense of זָעַף, describing troubled or downcast emotional states.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Angry002001002002
- זָעַף denotes being enraged or wroth, as Uzziah becomes enraged with the priests who confront him in the temple.
- Weak002001001069
- The word also describes a dejected, downcast state, as Joseph finds the cupbearer and baker looking dejected in prison.
- Unsafe002003003022
- The emotional distress the word names can also carry a sense of danger or ill outcome anticipated by the sufferer.
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2196. zaaph [זַעַף] verb be out of humour, vexed; be enraged (Aramaic rage against,…
[זַעַף] verb be out of humour, vexed; be enraged (Aramaic rage against, זְעַף to storm, זַעֲפָא storm; compare Samaritan blow, breathe) —
Qal Imperfect יִזְעַף Pro 19:3; וַיִּזְעַף2Ch 26:19; Infinitive זַעְמּוֺ2Ch 26:19; Participle plural זֹעֲפִים Gen 40:6; Dan 1:10; —
1 be out of humour Gen 40:6 (E); dejected, of face Dan 1:10; followed by עַל Pro 19:3 fret against (AV).
2 be enraged (late: compare Aramaic above) 2Ch 26:19; followed by עִם 2Ch 26:19.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.