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Word

הָרַג

hârag · H2026 · Hebrew · 167 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. to slaughter, to kill, to murder

    Causative action by which someone takes the life of a person, animal, or plant in a violent way

    Examples

    Genesis 4:8 Cain talked to his brother Abel; and it happened that when they were in the field Cain rose up against his brother Abel and killed him.

    Genesis 4:14 “Behold, You have driven me this day from the face of the ground; and I will be hidden from Your face, and I will be a wanderer and a drifter on the earth, and whoever finds me will kill me.”

    Genesis 4:15 So the LORD said to him, “Therefore whoever kills Cain, vengeance will be taken on him seven times as much.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one finding him would kill him.

How it’s used In 13 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

152 occurrences in 32 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

129 occurrences in 58 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

63 occurrences in 42 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

8 occurrences in 3 groups

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

7 occurrences in 6 groups

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

2 occurrences in 2 groups

Named alongside itApposition

3 occurrences in 3 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

2 occurrences in 2 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

3 occurrences in 2 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

22 occurrences in 7 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

5 occurrences in 5 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Contrasting words 1 word
חָמַל châmal · H2550 · to be concerned for, to have pity on, to show mercy
An opposing action to חָמַל, denoting killing or slaying as opposed to sparing or showing compassion.
In the other Testament 2 words
ἀποκτείνω apokteínō · G615 · to kill, to do away with, to eliminate
Greek ἀποκτείνω is the standard translation equivalent of Hebrew הָרַג for "kill" or "slay," spanning both literal killing and figurative destruction.
ἀναιρέω anairéō · G337 · to kill, to execute, killing
Greek ἀναιρέω emphasizes the taking away or removal aspect of killing (literally 'to take up/away'), while Hebrew הָרַג is the general term for killing/slaying without the compositional nuance of removal, making ἀναιρέω a semantically narrower rendering that highlights the destructive removal of life.
Semantic domains 1 entry
Dead002001001018
הָרַג is the common verb for killing or slaying, covering both individual murder and wholesale slaughter in war or judgment.
Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

הָרַגhârag · H2026הֶרֶג hereg · H2027 · slaughter · 5×הֲרֵגָה hărêgâh · H2028 · slaughter, butchery · 5×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H2026. harag הָרַג verb kill, slay (Late Hebrew id., ואהרג MI (1 singular Imperfect…
H2026. harag
הָרַג verb kill, slay (Late Hebrew id., ואהרג MI (1 singular Imperfect consecutive); Arabic fall into war, conflict, disorder, slaughter; Sabean הרג fight Os4, l. 17, kill SabDenkm24. 25) —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular ׳ה Jdg 9:24 Jdg 9:4t., הָרָ֑ג 2Sa 14:7 2Sa 14:2t., וְהָרַג consecutive Isa 27:1; suffix וַהֲרָגָ֑נִי consecutive 1Sa 16:2 1Sa 16:2t.; הֲרָגוֺ Gen 4:25; etc.; Imperfect יַהֲרֹג Psa 10:8 Psa 10:4t.; יַהֲרָגֿ Job 5:2; וַיַּהֲרֹג Exo 13:15 Exo 13:14t.; suffix יַהַרְגֵנִי Gen 4:14; Gen 4:1singular אֶהֱרוֺג Amo 2:3, אֶהֱרֹג Amo 9:1; cohortative וְאַהַרְגָה Gen 27:41; suffix וָאֶהֶרְגֵהוּ 2Sa 4:10; 2Ki 10:9; 2Ki 10:3masculine plural יַהֲרֹ֑גוּ Psa 94:6; Eze 23:47; וַיַּהַרְגוּ Gen 34:25 Gen 34:4t.; suffix יַהַרְגֻנִי Gen 26:7, etc.; Imperative הֲרֹג Jdg 8:20; suffix הָרְגֵנִי Num 11:15; plural הִרְגוּ Num 25:5 Num 25:2t.; הֲרֹ֑גוּ Num 31:17; Infinitive absolute הָרֹג Num 11:15 Num 11:2t.; הָרוֺג Est 9:16; construct הֲרֹג Exo 2:15 Exo 2:11t.; הֲרוֺג Ecc 3:8; Est 7:4; suffix הָרְגֵנִי Exo 2:14; הָרְגֵנוּ Exo 5:21; הֲרָגְךָ 1Sa 24:11; הָרְגֶ֑ךָ Gen 27:42 Gen 27:2t.; הָרְגוֺ Exo 21:14; Participle active הֹרֵג Gen 4:15 Gen 4:4t.; הוֺרֵג Eze 21:16; הֹרְגֶ֑ךָ Eze 28:9; הֹרְגִים Jer 4:31; 2Ki 17:25; passive הֲרוּגִים Isa 10:4 Isa 10:2t.; הֲרֻגִים Isa 14:19; construct הֲרֻגֵי Jer 18:21; הֲרוּגָיו Isa 27:7; הֲרוּגֶיהָ Isa 26:21; הֲרֻגֶיהָ Pro 7:26; —
1. a. kill, slay, implying ruthless violence, especially private violence Gen 4:8, Gen 4:14, Gen 4:15, Gen 4:23, Gen 4:25; Gen 12:12 (all J), Gen 20:11 (E) Gen 26:7; Gen 27:41-42, Gen 34:25-26, Gen 37:20, Gen 37:26 (all J), Gen 49:6 (poem in J), Exo 2:14 (twice in verse); Exo 2:15 (E), Exo 5:21 (J) Exo 21:14; Exo 23:7 (both J E), Num 31:19 (P) Jdg 9:5, Jdg 9:18, Jdg 9:24 (twice in verse); Jdg 9:56; Jdg 16:2; Jdg 20:5; 1Sa 16:2; 1Sa 22:21; 1Sa 24:11; 1Sa 24:12; 1Sa 24:18; 2Sa 3:30; 2Sa 4:10-11, 2Sa 4:12; 2Sa 12:9; 2Sa 14:7; 2Sa 23:21; 1Ki 2:5, 1Ki 2:32; 1Ki 18:12-13, 1Ki 18:14; 1Ki 19:1, 1Ki 19:10, 1Ki 19:14; 2Ki 9:31; 2Ki 10:9; 1Ch 7:21; 1Ch 11:23; 2Ch 21:4, 2Ch 21:13; 2Ch 22:8; 2Ch 24:23, 2Ch 24:25; 2Ch 25:3; Neh 4:5; Neh 6:10 (twice in verse); Zec 11:5; Psa 10:8; Psa 94:6 (|| רִצֵּחַ); compare Jdg 8:18-19, Jdg 8:20, Jdg 8:21; Jdg 9:54; 1Ki 12:27; Isa 14:20; 2Ch 22:1; Neh 9:26; so of massacre of Jews planned by Haman Est 3:13; Est 7:4 (both וּלְאַבֵּד לַהֲרֹג לְהַשְׁמִיד), and of slaughter of Jews' enemies in defence and revenge Est 8:11 (same combination) Est 9:6, Est 9:10, Est 9:12, Est 9:15, Est 9:16 compare Est 9:11 (passive participle the slain).
b. hence of wholesale slaughter after battle Num 31:7-8, (twice in verse); Num 31:17 (twice in verse) (all P), Jos 8:24; Jos 10:11 (both J E), Jos 13:22 (P), Jdg 7:25 (twice in verse); Jdg 8:17; Jdg 9:45; 2Sa 10:18; 1Ki 9:16; 1Ki 11:24; 2Ki 8:12; 1Ch 19:18; 2Ch 28:6-7, 2Ch 28:9; 2Ch 36:17; Eze 26:8, Eze 26:11, compare Jdg 9:26; passive participle the slain Isa 10:4; Isa 14:19 compare Eze 23:10, Eze 23:47; Eze 37:9; Jer 18:21 מָוֶת הֲרֻגֵי (|| מֻכֵּיחֶֿרֶב); further Hos 9:13; Hab 1:17; Jer 4:31; Eze 21:16; Eze 28:9; also of slaughter in a revolt 2Ki 11:8 2Ch 23:17.
2 of God's slaying in judgment (stern and inscrutable), Gen 20:4 (E), Exo 4:23; Exo 13:15; Exo 22:23 (all J E), Amo 2:3; Amo 4:10; Amo 9:1, Amo 9:4; Lam 2:4, Lam 2:21; Lam 3:43; Psa 59:12; Psa 78:31; Psa 78:34; Psa 135:10; Psa 136:18 compare Num 11:15 (twice in verse) (JE), Num 22:33 (J), Isa 14:30, Isa 26:21 (passive the slain, so Isa 27:7), Jer 15:3; figurative בְּאִמְרֵיפִֿ֑י הֲרַגְתִּים Hos 6:5 (|| חָצַבְתִּי בַּנְּבִיאִים).
3 rarely of judicial killing by men (at God's command), Exo 32:27 (JE), Lev 20:15-16, (H), Num 25:5 (JE), Deu 13:10 (twice in verse) compare Eze 9:6 לְמַשְׁחִית תַּהַרְגוּ.
4 of killing beasts, Num 22:29 (J; Balaam's ass), Lev 20:15 compare above, Isa 22:13 (oxen; || שָׁחֹט), בַּיָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁר הִתַּנִּין Isa 27:1; also of killing vines, by hail Psa 78:47.
5 of killing by beasts: lions 2Ki 17:25, viper Job 20:16.
6 quite General is לִרְמּוֺא וְעֵת לַהֲרוֺג עֵת Ecc 3:3.
7 destroy, ruin קִנְאָה תָּמִית וּפֹתֶה יַהֲרָגכָּֿ֑עַשׂ לֶאֱוִיל Job 5:2; תְּאַבְּדֵם סִילִים כְּ וְשַׁלְוַת תַּהַרְגֵם מְּתָיִם מְשׁוּבַת Pro 1:32; also of those ruined by shameless woman Pro 7:26. — Regular construction is with accusative; object sometimes omitted, as Lam 2:21; used absolute Hos 9:13; Jer 4:31; Jer 15:3; Lam 3:43; Eze 21:16; Ecc 3:3; followed by בְּ slay among, i.e. some of, 2Ki 17:25; 2Ch 28:6, 2Ch 28:9; Psa 78:31; followed by מִן (part of), + accusative, 1Ch 19:18; followed by direct object with לְ 2Sa 3:30; Job 5:2; Psa 135:11 = Psa 136:19; Psa 136:20 (but in last 3 first object is accusative).
Niph`al Imperfect 1 passive of Qal 1 a, יֵהָרֵג Lam 2:20 shall priest and prophet be slain in the sanctuary? 2 passive of Qal 1 b, 3 feminine plural תֵּהָרַגְנָה Eze 26:6; also Eze 26:15 הֶרֶג בֵּהָרֵג ( = בְּהֵהָרֵג), but ᵐ5 Co חֶרֶב בַּהֲרֹג.
Pu`al Perfect3masculine singular הֹרָ֑ג Isa 27:7 be slain (passive of Qal 1 b); compare 1 plural הֹרַגְנוּ Psa 44:23 (|| טִבְחָה כְּצאֹן נֶחְשַׁבְּנוּ).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Dead164 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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