גַּלְגַּל
galgal · H1534 · Hebrew · 11 occurrences
A word for 3 things
- WheelTransportation28 verses
- Cart, wagonTransportation27 verses
- ThistlesThorns, thistles, brambles, and briers14 verses
Meanings
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wheel
Ring or round disk with a rod (axle) running through its center or hub; either made of a solid piece of wood or a central hub connected with several spokes to an outer rim; made of wood and sometimes partly of iron; used to help vehicles move over the ground
ExamplesPsalm 77:18 The sound of Your thunder was in the whirlwind; The lightning lit up the world; The earth trembled and shook.
Isaiah 5:28 Its arrows are sharp and all its bows are bent; The hoofs of its horses seem like flint, and its chariot wheels like a storm wind.
Jeremiah 47:3 “Because of the noise of the galloping hoofs of his stallions, The roar of his chariots, and the rumbling of his wheels, The fathers have not turned back for their children, Because of the debility of their hands,
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pulley
Ring or round disk with a rod (axle) running through its center or hub; either made as a solid piece of wood or a central hub connected with several spokes to an outher rim, with a grooved rim around which a cord passes; made of wood and sometimes partly of iron; used to raise and lower jars into a well
ExamplesEcclesiastes 12:6 Remember your Creator before the silver cord is broken and the golden bowl is crushed, the pitcher by the spring is shattered and the wheel at the cistern is crushed;
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cart, wagon, chariot
Two or four-wheeled carriage or cart, used for travel or the transport of loads; pulled by draft animals, such as oxen, donkeys, or horses
ExamplesEzekiel 23:24 ‘And they will come against you with weapons, chariots, and wagons, and with a contingent of peoples. They will attack you on every side with shield, buckler, and helmet; and I will commit the judgment to them, and they will judge you according to their customs.
Ezekiel 26:10 “Because of the multitude of his horses, the dust raised by them will cover you; your walls will shake from the noise of cavalry, wagons, and chariots when he enters your gates as warriors enter a city that is breached.
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tumbleweed
Any of several plants that commonly break from their roots at maturity and, drying into a rounded tangle of light, stiff branches, roll before the wind, covering long distances and scattering seed as they go; associated with things that lack weight and substance and do not endure
ExamplesPsalm 83:13 My God, make them like the whirling dust, Like chaff before the wind.
Isaiah 17:13 The nations rumble on like the rumbling of many waters, But He will rebuke them, and they will flee far away, And be chased like chaff on the mountains before the wind, Or like whirling dust before a gale.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
2 occurrences in 1 groups
- הוּhis 2
What it doesIt is the subject
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- קָרָאto call, to cry out 1
- רָצַץto oppress, to crush, to break 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- קוֹלvoice, sound 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
5 occurrences in 5 groups
- כlike/as 3
- לto/for 2
- אֵלto, toward 1
- מִןfrom 1
- בin/on/with 1
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- הָמוֹןmultitude, tumult, abundance 1
- הֹצֶןequipped 1
- קוֹלvoice, sound 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- אוֹפָן ʼôwphân · H212 · wheel
- Both lexemes genuinely denote a wheel. The target has a broader semantic range extending to other senses (such as heaven or a rolling thing) across multiple contexts, while אוֹפָן is used solely for 'wheel' in the context of vehicles. They are real near-synonyms in the wheel sense, though the target's fuller range makes the overlap partial.
In the other Testament 1 word
- τροχός trochós · G5164 · course, pattern, cycle
- Greek τροχός specifically denotes a wheel as a rotating mechanical component, corresponding to the Hebrew גַּלְגַּל in contexts where physical wheels (of chariots, vehicles, or machinery) are referenced, rather than the broader astronomical or metaphorical senses גַּלְגַּל can carry.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Vehicles001003001001019
- גַּלְגַּל denotes a wheel, most often of a chariot or cart, as at Ecclesiastes 12:6 — "the wheel at the cistern is crushed" — and Ezekiel 10:13 — "The wheels were called, as I heard, the whirling wheels."
- Wells and Cisterns001003002013
- This code is inherited from the shared listing with a related sense of rolling or circular constructions rather than an independent feature of this word's own attested wheel/whirlwind occurrences.
- Plants001002007001
- The same word, at Psalm 83:14, tags the image traditionally rendered "whirling dust" or tumbleweed — windblown plant matter driven before a storm — continuing into the following clause's "like fire that burns the forest."
Word family 17 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1534. galgal גַּלְגַּל noun masculineEcc 12:6 wheel, whirl, whirlwind (on formation…
גַּלְגַּל noun masculineEcc 12:6 wheel, whirl, whirlwind (on formation compare BaNB 204) — absolute ׳ג Eze 10:2 Eze 10:7t.; גַּלְגַּ֑ל Psa 83:14; plural with suffix גַּלְגִּלָּיו Isa 5:28; Jer 47:3; —
1 wheel,
a. of war-chariot Isa 5:28; Jer 47:3, also collective Eze 23:24; Eze 26:10; perhaps also in Ezekiel's vision Eze 10:2, Eze 10:6, Eze 10:13 (compare wheelwork) but compare below
b. for drawing water Ecc 12:6.
2. a. whirl (of dust or chaff) Psa 83:14; Isa 17:13, simile of foes put to flight by God.
b. perhaps whirling of wheels Eze 10:2, Eze 10:6, Eze 10:13 Sm RV, but compare above
c. whirlwind Psa 77:19.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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