גִּיל
gîyl · H1523 · Hebrew · 45 occurrences
Meanings
-
to rejoice, to be glad
Mainly in poetical texts: state in which humans feel and show great joy
Examples1 Chronicles 16:31 Let the heavens be joyful, and the earth rejoice; And let them say among the nations, “The LORD reigns.”
Proverbs 2:14 Who delight in doing evil And rejoice in the perversity of evil;
Proverbs 23:24 The father of the righteous will greatly rejoice, And he who fathers a wise son will be glad in him.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
44 occurrences in 20 groups
- Not stated: you (more than one) 5
- Not stated: I 4
- Not stated: they 4
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- לֵבheart, mind 3
- אֶרֶץland, earth, ground 3
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
27 occurrences in 21 groups
- בin/on/with+ יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 4
- בin/on/with+ יְשׁוּעָהsalvation, deliverance 4
- Other words · 19 groups that occur once or twice (21) 21
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- מְאֹדvery 2
- אַלnot, do not 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 4 words
- שׂוּשׂ sûws · H7797 · to rejoice, to be glad, to delight
- Both words denote states or expressions of joy and gladness and can substitute for each other in many contexts, both belonging to the same narrow field of rejoicing.
- רָנַן rânan · H7442 · to shout, to shout for joy
- Both words denote joyful emotional expression or rejoicing. רָנַן (rânan, H7442) includes additional senses of shouting or crying out, but its core sense of joyful rejoicing overlaps clearly with גִּיל (gîyl, H1523).
- עָלַז ʻâlaz · H5937 · to rejoice, to exult
- Both words denote emotional states of joy or rejoicing and can substitute in context. They are distinct roots sharing an overlapping range.
- שָׂמַח sâmach · H8055 · to rejoice, to cause to rejoice
- Both lexemes are genuine action verbs of rejoicing or gladness, with highly overlapping semantic ranges — paradigmatic Hebrew near-synonyms clearly substitutable for one another in many contexts of joy.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἀγαλλιάω agalliáō · G21 · to be extremely joyful, to be overjoyed, to rejoice greatly
- Greek ἀγαλλιάω emphasizes exuberant, physically-manifested joy (jumping for joy), while Hebrew גִּיל denotes rejoicing more broadly across registers from quiet gladness to overt celebration.
- χαίρω chaírō · G5463 · to rejoice, to be glad, hail
- Greek χαίρω (chaírō, G5463) serves as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew גִּיל (gîyl, H1523), both denoting active rejoicing or gladness; χαίρω carries a broader semantic range including polite greeting formulas and general well-being, while גִּיל typically focuses on exuberant joy, but the core gladness/rejoicing sense overlaps directly.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Rejoice002001002022
- The verb expresses rejoicing or exulting, most often describing joy before the LORD or joy at his acts of deliverance and blessing.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1523. gil [גִּיל] verb rejoice (NöZMG 1883, 537; compare Arabic go round or about, be…
[גִּיל] verb rejoice (NöZMG 1883, 537; compare Arabic go round or about, be excited to levity, etc.) —
Qal Perfect גַּלְתִּי Isa 65:19; Imperfect תָּגִיל יָגִיל, Psa 21:2 Psa 21:4t. (Psa 21:2 Kt יגיל, Qr יָ֫גֶל with retracted tone); תָּגֵל יָגֵל, Psa 13:6 11t., וַיָּגֶל Psa 16:9, נָגִילָה אָגִילָה, Psa 9:15 Psa 9:5t., יָגִילוּ Psa 13:5 Psa 13:5t., יְגִילוּן Psa 89:17, תָּגֵלְנָה Psa 48:12 Psa 48:2t.; יָגִו֯ל Pro 23:24; Imperative גִּילוּ Psa 2:11 Psa 2:4t., גִּילִי Isa 49:13 Isa 49:2t.; —
1 rejoice,
a. absolute Psa 13:5; Psa 51:10; Zec 9:9; || שׂמח Psa 14:7; Psa 16:9; Psa 32:11; Psa 48:12; Psalm 53:7; Psa 96:11; Psa 97:1; Psa 97:8; Pro 23:24-25, 1Ch 16:31; Hab 1:15; || שׂישׂ שׂושׂ, Isa 35:1; Isa 65:18.
b. with בְּ Psa 149:2; Pro 2:14; Pro 24:17; Isa 9:2; בירושׁלם Isa 65:19; Isa 66:10; בישׁועתך Psa 9:15; Psa 13:6; Psa 21:2; ביהוה Psa 35:9; Isa 41:16; Zec 10:7; באלהים Isa 61:10; Hab 3:18; י ׳בשׁם Psa 89:17; ישׂראל בקדושׁ Isa 29:19; ב ושׂמח ׳גיל Psa 31:8; Psa 118:24; Son 1:4; Isa 25:9; Joe 2:23; כ ושׂמחי ׳גילי Joe 2:21.
c. with עַל Zep 3:17. Besides persons the subject is לֵב Psa 13:6; Pro 24:17; Zec 10:7; נפשׁ Psa 35:9; Isa 61:10, כבוד ( = נפשׁ) Psa 16:9, ארץ 1Ch 16:31; Psa 96:11; Psa 97:1; Isa 49:13, ערבה Isa 35:1-2,.
2 tremble (compare Arabic ) Psa 2:11 || עבד (Thes Ew Hi Che, but ᵐ5 Hu De Pe AV RV rejoice), Hos 10:5 || אבל (Thes and most modern, but AV RV that rejoiced over it), possibly error for חיל Ew Gr Che.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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