בֹּקֶר
bôqer · H1242 · Hebrew · 214 occurrences
Meanings
-
morning
First half of the day, ranging from daybreak until noon; used figuratively to denote relief after a time of suffering, and associated with good as opposed to evil
ExamplesGenesis 1:5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness He called “night.” And there was evening and there was morning, one day.
Genesis 1:8 God called the expanse “heaven.” And there was evening and there was morning, a second day.
Genesis 1:13 And there was evening and there was morning, a third day.
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שָׁלוֹשׁthree 1
What it doesIt is the subject
13 occurrences in 4 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 8
- פָּנָהto turn, to face 3
- אוֹרto be light 1
- אָתָהto come 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- נָתַןto give, to put, to set 1
- צָוָהto give orders 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- צַלְמָוֶתdeep darkness 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- תּוֹכֵחָהarguments 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
168 occurrences in 5 groups
- בin/on/with 195
- עַדto, as far as, until 51
- לto/for 36
- מִןfrom 7
- כlike/as 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
21 occurrences in 8 groups
- אוֹרlight 8
- עֹלָהburnt offering 4
- מִנְחָהgrain offering, gift, tribute 2
- עָנָןcloud 2
- אַשְׁמֻרָהwatch (of the night) 2
- כּוֹכָבstar 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 2 words
- πρωΐ prōḯ · G4404 · early morning
- Greek πρωΐ serves as the cross-linguistic equivalent of Hebrew בֹּקֶר for the temporal concept of 'morning' or 'dawn,' both denoting the early part of the day, with πρωΐ used as the systematic rendering of the Hebrew morning terminology.
- ὄρθρος órthros · G3722 · early morning, daybreak, sunrise
- Greek ὄρθρος (órthros, G3722) specifically denotes the dawn/daybreak moment (sunrise, rising of light), whereas Hebrew בֹּקֶר (bôqer, H1242) has broader morning semantics covering the entire morning period and extended temporal phrases; the Greek term is the precise lexical equivalent for the dawn-specific sense of the Hebrew lemma.
Semantic domains 1 entry
- Time002002002010
- בֹּקֶר denotes morning, the time marker used throughout the creation account and elsewhere, as in Genesis 1:5's "there was evening and there was morning, one day" (בֹקֶר), naming the daily temporal cycle.
Word family 7 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1242. boqer בֹּ֫קֶר214 noun masculineExo 10:13 morning (Late Hebrew id.; from split,…
בֹּ֫קֶר214 noun masculineExo 10:13 morning (Late Hebrew id.; from split, penetrate, as the dawn the darkness, light through cloud-rifts, etc.) — ׳ב Gen 1:5 + (always absolute); plural בְּקָרִים Job 7:18 Job 7:4t.; —
1 morning (of point of time, time at which, never during which, English morning = forenoon): —
a. of end of night (opposed to לַיְלָה) Exo 10:13 (J) Lev 6:2 (P) Jdg 19:25; Rth 3:13 (twice in verse); Isa 21:12 compare 1Sa 19:11 (|| מחר, opposed to לילה); opposed to לֵילוֺת Psa 92:3; also (opposed to לוּן) Exo 23:18; Exo 34:25 (both J E) Lev 19:13 (H) Deu 16:4; opposed to צלמות Amo 5:8; compare further Gen 40:6; Gen 41:8 (both E) Exo 12:22; Exo 34:2 (twice in verse) (both J E) 1Sa 3:15 +,
b. implying the coming of dawn, and even daylight Gen 29:25 (E) Gen 44:3 (J) 1Ki 3:21 (but Klo here for 2nd בַּבֹּקֶר, reads לְבַקֵּר by looking at it see בָּקַר) Job 24:17; Job 38:12 (|| שַׁחַר); הַבּ ׳לִפְנוֺת Exo 14:27 (JE) at the turn of the morning, so Jdg 19:26 (|| הַשָּׁ֑חַר בַּעֲלוֺת Jdg 19:25; followed by עַדהָֿאוֺר, as something later, Jdg 19:26); see Rth 3:14 (|| רעהו את אישׁ יכיר בטרו֯ם before men could recognise each other); compare בֹקֶר כּוֺכְבֵי Job 38:7 stars of morning; but also with אוֺר verb Gen 44:3 (J) אור הבקר; with אור noun, הבקר באור Mic 2:1; & especially הבקר אור עד Jdg 16:2 (opposed to לילה) so 1Sa 14:36; also 1Sa 25:22, 1Sa 25:34, 1Sa 25:36; 2Sa 17:22; 2Ki 7:9; compare 1Sa 29:10 (|| לָכֶם וְאוֺר).
c. of coming of sunrise Jdg 9:33; 2Sa 23:4 (twice in verse); 2Ki 3:22 compare ב ׳מוֺצָּאֵי וערב Psa 65:9 i.e. places of sunrise and sunset (|| קְצוֺת i.e. ends of earth).
d. of beginning of day, הַבּ ׳מֵאָז וְעַדעַֿתָּה Rth 2:7 (compare Rth 2:14) see 2Sa 24:15 (but strike out We Dr); time of prayer, & praise Psa 5:4 (twice in verse) (see Hu) Psa 59:17; Psa 88:14; Psa 92:3; || צהרים noon 1Ki 18:26; Jer 20:16; of three hours of prayer, וצהרים ובקר ערב Psa 55:18 (compare Dan 6:10; Dan 6:13); compare also with עֶרֶב below
e. opposed to עֶרֶב Gen 49:27 (poem in J) Exo 16:7-8, Exo 16:12, Exo 16:13; Lev 6:13; Num 9:21 (all P) Deu 28:67 (twice in verse); 2Sa 11:14; 1Ki 17:6; Isa 17:14; Zep 3:3; Eze 24:18 (twice in verse); Eze 33:22; Dan 8:26; Psa 30:6; Psa 90:5; Psa 90:6; Ecc 11:6; 1Ch 16:40; 2Ch 2:3; 2Ch 13:11; 2Ch 31:3; Ezr 3:3; Est 2:14; opposed to הערבים בֵּין Exo 29:39, Exo 29:41; Num 28:4, Num 28:8 (all P); especially עדהֿערב מןהֿבקר = all day Exo 18:13 & (without article) Exo 18:14 (both E); לָעֶרֶב מבקר Job 4:20 = between morning and evening; also עַדבֹּֿקֶר מֵעֶרֶב = all night, Exo 27:21 (P) Lev 24:3 (H) Num 9:21 & עַדבּֿ ׳בָּעֶרֶב Num 9:15 (both P); note also the formula בקר ויהי ערב וַיְהִי and evening came and then morning Gen 1:5, Gen 1:8, Gen 1:13, Gen 1:19, Gen 1:23, Gen 1:31 (all P), i.e. the day ended with evening, and the night with morning; peculiar is Dan 8:14 of omission of daily sacrifice מֵאוֺת וּשְׁלשׁ אַלְמַּיִם בֹּקֶר עֶרֶב עַד, until2300evening-mornings, probably = 2300 half-days (Ew Hi Meinh Bev DrIntr. 464, compare Dan 8:26 & 3 2-Jantimes (years) Dan 7:25; Dan 12:11; Daniel 12:17).
f. often (above & elsewhere) with preposition (+ article except Job 7:18); in the morning, בַּבֹּקֶר Gen 19:27 110t., compare also הַבּ ׳בִּהְיֹת Exo 19:16; in (or at) the morning, ׳לַבּ Amo 4:4 Amo 4:7t.; for (against or by) the morning, ׳לַבּ Exo 34:2 compare Psa 130:6 (compare Checritical note); nearly = until (עַדֿ) Exo 34:25; Deu 16:4; Zep 3:3; further ׳בַּבּ ׳בַּבּ morning by morning, every morning Exo 16:21; Exo 30:7; Exo 36:3; Lev 6:5 (all P) 2Sa 13:4; 1Ch 23:30; 2Ch 13:11; Isa 28:19; Isa 50:4; Eze 46:13-14, Eze 46:15; Zep 3:5 also ׳לַבּ ׳לַבּ, same sense, 1Ch 9:27; plural לַבְּקָרִים every morning afresh Psa 73:14; Isa 33:2 compare Lam 3:23; almost = continually Psa 101:8 (compare Jer 21:12); see לִבְקָרִים Job 7:18 (|| לִרְגָעִים every moment); also without preposition or article in the morning Hos 7:6 compare Psa 5:4 (twice in verse); Psa 55:18, d. above, & below
2. g. figurative of bright joy after night of distress (poetry) Job 11:17; compare Psa 30:6; Psa 46:6 (בּ ׳לִפְנוֺת) Psa 49:15; Psa 59:17; Psa 90:14; Psa 143:8.
h. in phrases, בַּבּ ׳הִשְׁכִּים (וַיַּשְׁכֵּם etc.) he rose early in the morning Gen 19:27; Gen 20:8; Gen 21:14; Gen 22:3; Gen 26:31; Gen 28:18; Gen 32:1; Exo 8:16; Exo 9:13; Exo 24:4; Exo 34:4; Num 14:40; Jos 3:1; Jos 6:12; Jos 7:16; Jos 8:10 (all J E) Jdg 6:28; Jdg 19:5, Jdg 19:8; 1Sa 1:19; 1Sa 5:4; compare 1Sa 15:12; 1Sa 17:20; 1Sa 29:10 (twice in verse) compare 1Sa 29:11, 2Ki 3:22; 2Ki 19:35 = Isa 37:36; 2Ch 20:20; Job 1:5; Pro 27:14; Isa 5:11; (ויקומו etc.) ׳בַּבּ ויקם Gen 24:54; Num 22:13, Num 22:21 (all J E) Jdg 19:27; Jdg 20:19; 2Sa 24:11; 1Ki 3:21; הַבּ ׳אַשְׁמֹרֶת morning watch Exo 14:24; 1Sa 11:11.
2 morrow, next day (compare German Morgen, morgen) without article Exo 16:19-20, Lev 7:15; Lev 22:30 (opposed to הַהוּא הַיּוֺם) Num 16:5 (|| מָחָר Num 16:7; Num 16:16) compare Exo 12:10 (twice in verse); Num 9:12; with article Exo 16:23-24, Exo 29:34; ׳לַבּ Exo 34:25; Num 22:41; Zep 3:3; ׳בַּבּ 1Sa 9:19 (opposed to הַיּוֺם to-day) compare 1Sa 20:35; to-morrow morning ׳הַבּ Jdg 6:31 (Stu); ׳בַּבּ Exo 7:15; Jos 7:14; Est 5:14; definitely ׳בַּבּ מִמָּֽחֳרָת 1Sa 5:4; ׳מֵהַבּ 2Sa 2:27; adverb. use in this sense (without preposition or article) Exo 16:7; Num 16:5.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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