Word

בָּקַע

bâqaʻ · H1234 · Hebrew · 51 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. to be split, to be cleft, to be breached, to be cracked, to be ripped open, to be rent, to burst, to burst asunder

    Process by which an object is split, either partially or completely, either by supernatural means or by violence

    Examples

    Exodus 14:21 Then Moses reached out with his hand over the sea; and the LORD swept the sea back by a strong east wind all night, and turned the sea into dry land, and the waters were divided.

    Joshua 9:4 but they on their part acted craftily and went and took provisions for a journey, and took worn-out sacks on their donkeys, and wineskins that were worn out, split open, and patched,

    Joshua 9:13 “And these wineskins which we filled were new, and behold, they are split open; and these clothes of ours and our sandals are worn out from the very long journey.”

  2. to split, to cleave, to rip open, to cut, to rend, to maul, to divide, to break through

    Causative action by which deities or human cause an object to split, either partially or completely, either by supernatural means or by violence

    Examples

    Genesis 22:3 So Abraham got up early in the morning and saddled his donkey, and took two of his young men with him and his son Isaac; and he split wood for the burnt offering, and set out and went to the place of which God had told him.

    Exodus 14:16 “As for you, lift up your staff and reach out with your hand over the sea and divide it, and the sons of Israel shall go through the midst of the sea on dry land.

    Judges 15:19 But God split the hollow place that is in Lehi so that water came out of it. When he drank, his strength returned and he revived. Therefore he named it En-hakkore, which is in Lehi to this day.

  3. to take a part for oneself

    Causative action by which someone takes part of an object belonging to someone else in order to add it to one's own possession

    Examples

    2 Chronicles 32:1 After these acts of faithfulness Sennacherib king of Assyria came and invaded Judah and besieged the fortified cities, and intended to break into them for himself.

    Isaiah 7:6 “Let’s go up against Judah and terrorize it, and take it for ourselves by assault and set up the son of Tabeel as king in the midst of it,”

  4. to burst forth, to break out

    Process by which natural forces find their way by breaking through any obstacles that keep them from moving forward

    Examples

    Genesis 7:11 In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst open, and the floodgates of the sky were opened.

    Proverbs 3:20 By His knowledge the ocean depths were burst open, And the clouds drip with dew.

    Isaiah 35:6 Then those who limp will leap like a deer, And the tongue of those who cannot speak will shout for joy. For waters will burst forth in the wilderness, And streams in the desert.

  5. to break through, to invade

    Action by which humans find their way by breaking through all obstacles that keep them from moving forward

    Examples

    2 Samuel 23:16 So the three mighty men forced their way into the camp of the Philistines, and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and carried it and brought it to David. Yet he would not drink it, but poured it out as an offering to the LORD;

    2 Kings 3:26 When the king of Moab saw that the battle was too fierce for him, he took with him seven hundred men who drew swords, to break through to the king of Edom; but they could not.

    1 Chronicles 11:18 So the three broke through the camp of the Philistines and drew water from the well of Bethlehem which was by the gate, and took it and brought it to David; however, David would not drink it, but poured it out to the LORD;

  6. to cause to break through, to unleash

    Causative action by which God causes natural forces to find their way by breaking through any obstacles that keep them from moving forward

    Examples

    Psalm 74:15 You broke open springs and torrents; You dried up ever-flowing streams.

    Ezekiel 13:13 Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: “I will make a violent wind break out in My wrath. There will also be in My anger a flooding rain and hailstones to consume it in wrath.

  7. to be hatched

    Process by which the shell of an egg breaks open and a young animal comes out

    Examples

    Isaiah 59:5 They hatch vipers’ eggs and weave the spider’s web; The one who eats of their eggs dies, And from what is crushed, a snake breaks out.

  8. to hatch

    Causative process by which an animal keeps its egg(s) warm for a prolonged period until the shell breaks open and a young animal comes out

    Examples

    Isaiah 34:15 The tree snake will make its nest and lay eggs there, And it will hatch and gather them under its protection. Yes, the hawks will be gathered there, Every one with its kind.

    Isaiah 59:5 They hatch vipers’ eggs and weave the spider’s web; The one who eats of their eggs dies, And from what is crushed, a snake breaks out.

How it’s used In 6 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

49 occurrences in 27 groups

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

24 occurrences in 17 groups

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

21 occurrences in 20 groups

With adverbsAdverbs

2 occurrences in 2 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

1 occurrences in 1 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

4 occurrences in 2 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 3 words
διαῤῥήσσω diarrhḗssō · G1284 · to tear, to rip
Greek διαῤῥήσσω specifically denotes violent tearing or rending asunder, corresponding to the forceful splitting/cleaving sense of Hebrew בָּקַע in contexts of breaching, rending, or bursting through.
ῥήγνυμι rhḗgnymi · G4486 · to tear, to rip, to burst
בָּקַע (bâqaʻ, H1234) בָּקַע encompasses a broader range of splitting/breaking actions (including hatching, dividing, making breaches), while ῥήγνυμι (rhḗgnymi, G4486) ῥήγνυμι specifically denotes violent breaking, bursting, or tearing asunder with emphasis on forceful rupture.
σχίζω schízō · G4977 · to split, to tear, to divide
בָּקַע (bâqaʻ, H1234) בָּקַע denotes the physical act of splitting, cleaving, or breaking through (often violently or forcefully), while σχίζω (schízō, G4977) σχίζω specifically denotes the action of splitting or severing (either literally or figuratively); both share the core semantic domain of division/splitting, with the Greek term serving as the standard LXX rendering of the Hebrew's splitting/cleaving sense.
Semantic domains 4 entries
Non-Whole002003001021
בָּקַע describes splitting or dividing something into parts, as in Genesis 22:3's account that Abraham "split wood for the burnt offering" (וַיְבַקַּע), the verb marking the division of a whole into pieces.
Possess002003002019
The verb also applies to seizing or taking control by force, an extension of the breaking-through sense toward gaining access to something previously closed or withheld.
Move002002001012
בָּקַע describes bursting forth or breaking through as an act of motion, as in Exodus 14:16's command to "divide" the sea (וּבְקָעֵהוּ) so Israel could move through on dry ground.
Birth002002002003
The word also carries the sense of bursting open in the manner of birth or hatching, as in Genesis 7:11's account that "all the fountains of the great deep burst open" (נִבְקְעוּ), applying the splitting-open image to the flood's onset.
Word family 5 words
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H1234. baqa בָּקַע verb cleave, break open or through (Late Hebrew id., MI15 השחרת מבקע…
H1234. baqa
בָּקַע verb cleave, break open or through (Late Hebrew id., MI15 השחרת מבקע from break of dawn; Aramaic בְּקַע; compare Ethiopic profit, be useful, originally findere, aperire, Di) —
Qal Perfect בָּקַע Psa 78:13, בָּֽקְעָה Isa 34:15, בָּקַעְתָּ Neh 9:11; Psa 74:15, וּבָֽקַעְתָּ֫ Eze 29:7; Imperfect וַיִּבְקַע Jdg 15:19; Isa 48:21, וַיִּבְקְעוּ 2Sa 23:16 = 1Ch 11:18, בְקָעוּהָ וַיִּ2Ch 21:17; Imperative וּבְקָעֵהוּ Exo 14:16; Infinitive construct suffix בִּקְעָם Amo 1:13; 2Ch 32:1; Participle active בּוֺקֵעַ Isa 63:12; Ecc 10:9, בֹּקֵעַ Psa 141:7; —
1 cleave, cleave open, followed by accusative, Jdg 15:19 God cleft open the hollow (הַמֵּכְתֵּשׁ), and water came out, compare Isa 48:21 (object צוּר), also Psa 74:15 bring forth by cleaving, object יָנָחַ֑ל מַעְיָן, all three of divine operation; cleave or rip open pregnant women Amo 1:13; of a broken staff, tearing the shoulder Eze 29:7 (but read כַּף hand for ᵑ9 ᵐ5 כָּתֵף, Sm (?)Co.); cleave wood Ecc 10:9 (|| אֲבָנִים מַסִּיעַ); of ploughing (furrowing) the earth Psa 141:7 (|| מֹּלֵחֵ; in simile); especially of dividing the sea, Exo 14:16 (P) Neh 9:11; Psa 78:13, compare Isa 63:12, object מַיִם; — in all these subject ׳י except Exo 14:16 where he commands Moses; of hatching out (a brood, but no object expressed) Isa 34:15, subject קִמּוֺו arrow-snake.
2 break through or into, followed by בְּ 2Sa 23:16 = 1Ch 11:18; followed by accusative 2Ch 21:17 וֵיִבְקָעוּהָ בִיהוּדָה וַיַעֲלוּ; also 2Ch 32:1, object suffix reference to cities, אֵלָיו לְבִקְעָם ויאמר and he thought to break into them and so bring them unto himself.
Niph`al Perfect נִבְקַע Job 26:8; Zec 14:4 (וְ consecutive); נִבְקְעוּ Gen 7:11; Isa 35:6, נִבְקָ֑עוּ2Ch 25:11; Pro 3:20; Imperfect יִבָּקַע Isa 58:8, יִבֵָּק֑עַ Job 32:19; Job 32:3feminine singular תִּבָּקַע Isa 59:5, וַתִּבָּקַע Num 16:31 Num 16:3t.; Infinitive construct לְהִבָּקֵעַ Eze 30:16; —
1 be cleft, rent open, subject the ground, הָֽאֲדָמָה Num 16:31 (J), הָאָרֶץ 1Ki 1:40 (hyperb.); mountain Zec 14:4; burst open, of men hurled from rock 2Ch 25:12; of cloud beneath its weight of water Job 26:8; hyperb. of belly full of words seeking a vent, Job 32:19 like new wine-skins it will burst open; so of the water-receptacles (מעינות) of the great deep, at the flood Gen 7:11; of the water-masses themselves, תהומות Pro 3:20, ונהלים מים Isa 35:6; also of the Red Sea, המים וַיִבָּקְעוּ Exo 14:21; of light breaking forth Isa 58:8 (figurative); of serpent's egg hatching out as a viper Isa 59:5 אֶפְעֶה תִּבָּקַע הַזּוּרֶה.
2 be broken into, of city captured by breaches in walls 2Ki 25:4 = Jer 52:7; Eze 30:16.
Pi`el Perfect בִּקֵּעַ 2Ki 15:16; Job 28:10, וּבִקַּעְתִּ֫י Eze 13:13, בִּקֵּ֑עוּ Isa 59:5; Imperfect יְבַקַּע Psa 78:15, וַיְבַקַּע Gen 22:3; Gen 22:3feminine singular תְּבַקֵּעַ Eze 13:11, תְּבַקְּעֵם Hos 13:8; Hos 13:2masculine singular תְּבַקַּעֿ Hab 3:9, תְּבַקֵּ֑עַ 2Ki 8:12; 2Ki 8:2feminine plural וַתְּבַקַּעְנָה 2Ki 2:24; — cleave, cut to pieces, or rend open (often more complete or more violent than Qal), followed by accusative, of cleaving wood Gen 22:3 i.e. cut it up for burning, so 1Sa 6:14; of ripping open pregnant women 2Ki 8:12; 2Ki 15:16; of tearing in pieces children 2Ki 2:24; compare also Hos 13:8 (figurative); of cleaving open rocks, to bring forth water Psa 78:15 (subject God); of cutting mining-shafts Job 28:10 בּ יְאֹרִים ׳בַּצּוּרוֺת; תְּבַקַּעאָֿ֑רֶץ נְהָרוֺת Hab 3:9 into rivers thou cleavest (the) earth; break through or down (a wall, but no object expressed), Eze 13:11 תְּבֵַקּ֑עַ סְעָרוֺת רוּחַ (but Co תִּבָּקֵעַ), compare Eze 13:13 בַחֲמָתִי סְעָרוֺת רוּחַ וּבִקַּעְתִּי; of hatching eggs Isa 59:5 צִפְעוֺנִיבִֵּקּ֑עוּ בֵּיצֵי (figurative)
Pu`al Imperfect יְבָֻקּ֑עוּ Hos 14:1; Participle מְבֻקָּעָה Eze 26:10, מְבֻקָּעִים Jos 9:4; — be ripped open, of women Hos 14:1 (verb of masculine form); rent, of old wine-skins Jos 9:4; broken into, of a city in whose walls a breach has been made Eze 26:10.
Hiph`il Imperfect1plural suffix וְנַבְקִעֶנָּה Isa 7:6; Infinitive construct לְהַבְקִיעַ 2Ki 3:26; — break into, followed by suffix reference to Judah, Isa 7:6 ׳ונב אֵלֵינוּ let us break into it, lay it open, and so bring it unto ourselves (compare Qal 2Ch 32:1); break through (absolute) with sword, אֶלמֶֿלֶךְאֱדוֺם לְהַבְקִיעַ חֶרֶבּ שֹׁלֵף 2Ki 3:26.
Hoph`al Perfect3feminine singular הָעִיר הָבְקְעָה Jer 39:2 the city was broken into, entrance was made by a breach.
Hithpa`el Perfect הִתְכַָּקּ֑עוּ Jos 9:13, Imperfect יִתְבּקָּ֑עוּ Mic 1:4; — burst (themselves) open, of wine-skins Jos 9:13; cleave asunder, of valleys Mic 1:4.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 4 entries

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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