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Word

אָדוֹן

ʼâdôwn · H113 · Hebrew · 335 occurrences

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Meanings

  1. lord, master, owner, husband

    Man who is in a position of authority over another person or object as a legal owner, employer, husband, or sovereign; or a person or deity who is referred to as such in a conversation or prayer

    Examples

    Genesis 18:12 So Sarah laughed to herself, saying, “After I have become old, am I to have pleasure, my lord being old also?”

    Genesis 19:2 And he said, “Now behold, my lords, please turn aside into your servant’s house, and spend the night, and wash your feet; then you may rise early and go on your way.” They said, “No, but we shall spend the night in the public square.”

    Genesis 23:6 “Hear us, my lord: you are a mighty prince among us; bury your dead in the choicest of our graves; none of us will refuse you his grave for burying your dead.”

How it’s used In 10 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

313 occurrences in 12 groups

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

6 occurrences in 5 groups

Named alongside itApposition

104 occurrences in 18 groups

What it doesIt is the subject

69 occurrences in 44 groups

What is done to itIt is the object

14 occurrences in 11 groups

Second object ofSecond object

1 occurrences in 1 groups

What it is said to bePredicate

11 occurrences in 10 groups

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

6 occurrences in 4 groups

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

86 occurrences in 8 groups

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

78 occurrences in 25 groups

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 2 words
κύριος kýrios · G2962 · Lord, owner, master
Greek κύριος (kýrios, G2962) is the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew אָדוֹן (ʼâdôwn, H113), both denoting a lord, master, or owner with authority over persons or property; the Greek term carries the same range from human masters to divine title as the Hebrew.
δεσπότης despótēs · G1203 · master, ruler, lord
Greek δεσπότης emphasizes absolute authority and ownership (reflected in the English derivative "despot"), while Hebrew אָדוֹן covers a broader range of master/lord relationships including less absolute forms of authority.
Semantic domains 1 entry
Leaders001001003005
אָדוֹן names a lord or master, a figure of authority addressed with respect, as Sarah speaking of her husband as "my lord."
Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

אָדוֹןʼâdôwn · H113אֲדֹנָי ʼĂdônây · H136 · Lord · 438×אֶדֶן ʼeden · H134 · base, socket · 57×
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H113. adon אָדוֺן noun masculineMal 3:1 lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Psa 12:5 +?אֲדוֺן Jos…
H113. adon
אָדוֺן noun masculineMal 3:1 lord (Phoenician אדן) — ׳א Psa 12:5 +?אֲדוֺן Jos 3:11 +; plural אֲדֹנִים Isa 26:13 +; construct אֲדֹנֵי Deu 10:17 +; suffix אֲדֹנֵינוּ 1Sa 25:14 + etc.; (אֲדֹנָי אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנִי, are variations of Masoretic pointing to distinguish divine reference from human. Plural, with few except an intensive plural of rank; word takes suffix as plural in all other person; so doubtless here. Orig. reading probably in all cases אֲדֹנַי (see DalmDer Gottesname Adonaj; LagBN 188 makes אֲדֹנָי an Aramaic formative); אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.; in E Gen 31:35; Gen 32:19; Gen 42:10; Exo 21:5; in P Gen 23:6, Gen 23:11, Gen 23:15; Num 36:2 (twice in verse); often Samuel & Kings; in Chronicles only in sources, 1Ch 21:3 (3 t. in verse); 1Ch 21:23 (= 2Sa 24:3, 2Sa 24:22) 2Ch 2:13; 2Ch 2:14; Isaiah & Jeremiah only in historical parts Isa 36:8-9, Isa 36:12; Jer 37:20; Jer 38:9; elsewhere Dan 1:10; Dan 10:16-17, Dan 10:19; Dan 12:8; Zec 1:9; Zec 4:4-5, Zec 4:13; Zec 6:4; Psa 110:1; Jdg 4:18; Jdg 6:13; Rth 2:13; אֲדנָי בִּי Exo 4:10, Exo 4:13; Jos 7:8 (J) Jdg 6:15; Jdg 13:8 is referred to God, but אֲדנִי בִּי Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18; Num 12:11 (J) 1Sa 1:26; 1Sa 25:24; 1Ki 3:17, 1Ki 3:26 reference to human superiors. There is uncertainty as to אֲדֹנָ֯י Gen 18:3; Gen 19:18; אֲדֹ֯נַי Gen 19:2) —
1 singular lord, master (1) reference to men: (a) superintendent of household, or of affairs Gen 45:8-9, (E) = Psa 105:21; (b) master Psa 12:5; (c) king Jer 22:18; Jer 34:5; (2) reference to God, יהוה הָאָדוֺן the Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Exo 23:17; Exo 34:23 (Cov't codes); כָּלהָֿאָרֶץ אֲרוֺן Lord of the whole earth Jos 3:11, Jos 3:13 (J) Psa 97:5; Zec 4:14; Zec 6:5; Mic 4:13; ׳הָא ׳י צֻבָאוֺת, earlier Isa 1:24; Isa 3:1; Isa 10:33; Isa 19:4 (אֲדֹנָי Isa 10:16 in common MT; not Massora, doubtless scribal error); ׳הָא Mal 3:1; אָדוֺן Psa 114:7.
2 plural lords, kings Deu 10:17 = Psa 136:3; Isa 26:13; elsewhere intensive plural of rank, lord, master, (1) reference to men: (a) proprietor of hill Samaria 1Ki 16:24; (b) master Gen 40:7 (E) Exo 21:4 (twice in verse); Exo 21:6, Exo 21:8, Exo 21:32 (Cov't code) Gen 24:9 + (J, 11 t.) Deu 23:16; Jdg 19:11-12, Jdg 19:13t. Samuel & Kings; Job 3:19; Psa 123:2; Pro 25:13; Pro 27:18; Pro 30:10; Isa 24:2; Amo 4:1; Zep 1:9; Mal 1:6 (twice in verse); (c) husband Jdg 19:26-27, Psa 45:12; (d) prophet 2Ki 2:3, 2Ki 2:5, 2Ki 2:16; (e) governor Neh 3:5; (f) prince Gen 42:10, Gen 42:30, Gen 42:33 (E) Gen 44:8 (J) 1Sa 29:10; (g) king Gen 40:1 (E) Jdg 3:25 40t. Samuel & Kings; Chronicles only in sources 1Ch 12:19 compare 1Sa 29:4; 2Ch 13:6; 2Ch 18:16 = 1Ki 22:17; Isa 19:4; Isa 22:18; Isa 36:12; Isa 37:4, Isa 37:6; Jer 27:4; (2) reference to God Mal 1:6; הָאֲדֹנִים אֲדֹנֵי Lord of lords Deu 10:17 = Psa 136:3; אֲדֹנֵינוּ Psa 135:5; Psa 147:5; Neh 8:10; ׳י אֲדֹנֵינוּ Psa 8:2; Psalm 8:10; Neh 10:30; י ׳אֲדֹנַיִח Isa 51:22 (probably = thy husband, Yahweh); אֲדֹנָיו Hosea 12:15 (possibly error for אֲדֹנָי).
3 suffix 1 singular אֲדֹנִי (אֲדֹנַי) (1) reference to men: my lord, my master, (a) master Exo 21:5 (Cov't code) Gen 24:12 +, Gen 44:5 (J, 20 t.) 1Sa 30:13, 1Sa 30:15; 2Ki 5:3, 2Ki 5:20, 2Ki 5:22; 2Ki 6:15; (b) husband Gen 18:12 (J); (c) prophet 1Ki 18:7, 1Ki 18:13; 2Ki 2:19; 2Ki 4:16, 2Ki 4:28; 2Ki 6:5; 2Ki 8:5; (d) prince Gen 42:10 (E), Gen 23:6, Gen 23:11, Gen 23:15 (P), Gen 43:20; Gen 44:18 +, Gen 47:18, + (J, 12 t.); Jdg 4:18; (e) king 1Sa 22:12 + (Samuel & Kings 75 t.); (f) father Gen 31:35 (E); (g) Moses Exo 32:22; Num 11:28; Num 12:11; Num 32:26-27, (J); Num 36:2 (twice in verse) (P); (h) priest 1Sa 1:15, 1Sa 1:26 (twice in verse); (i) theophanic angel Jos 5:14; Jdg 6:13; (j) captain 2Sa 11:11; (k) General recognition of superiority Gen 24:18; Gen 32:5 + Gen 33:8 +; Gen 44:7 + (J, 13 t.), Rth 2:13; 1Sa 25:24 + (15 t.); (2) reference to God: אֲדֹנָי
a. my Lord Gen 20:4 (? E) Exo 15:17 (Samaritan יהוה) elsewhere in Hexateuch, J; Gen 18:3(?); Gen 18:27, Gen 18:30, Gen 18:31, Gen 18:32; Gen 19:2, Gen 19:18(?) Exo 4:10; Exo 4:13; Exo 5:22; Exo 34:9; Num 14:17; Jos 7:8; also Jdg 6:15; Jdg 13:8; not Samuel; 1Ki 22:6; 2Ki 19:23; not Chron. except memorials Ezr 10:3 (reference to Ezra) Neh 1:11; Neh 4:8; Wisdom Literature only Job 28:28 (doubtless scribal error for יהוֺה of many MSS.); not Hosea; Isa 37:24; Isa 38:14, Isa 38:16 (historical part); exile Isa 49:14 (compare Isa 51:22); Mic 1:2; Psa 16:2 + (47 t., chiefly this sense, except below b.; compare וַאדֹנָי אֱלֹהַי my Lord and my God Psa 35:23; (writers that use אֱלֹהִים seldom use אֲדֹנָי);
b. Adonay proper name of God, parallel with Yahweh, substitution for it often by scribal error, & eventually supplanting it. In earlier Isa 3:17 + (19 t. seeming to belong here), Amo 7:7-8, Amo 9:1; Eze 18:25, Eze 18:29; Eze 33:17, Eze 33:20; Eze 21:14 (probably י ׳אֲדֹנָי as in usual phrase); Zec 9:4; Mal 1:12, Mal 1:14; Lam 1:14 + (14 t.) Psa 2:4; Psa 37:13; Psa 78:65; Psa 90:17 (? יהוה) Psa 110:5 (Dalman puts most of these below (a); — many cases are doubtful); 1Ki 3:10, 1Ki 3:15 (Masoretic אדני for יהוה compare Dalm 2Ki 7:6; Dalm rightly questions; he reads יהוה). The phrases אֱלֹהַי אֲדֹנָי Psa 38:16; Psa 86:12, Adonay my God; הָאֱלֹהִים אֲדֹנָי Dan 9:3, ׳א אֱלֹהֵינוּ Dan 9:9, Dan 9:15, ׳א הָאֵל Dan 9:4 favour taking ׳א Dan 1:2; Dan 9:7-8, (יהוה ?) Dan 9:16; Dan 9:17; Dan 9:19; Dan 9:19; Dan 9:19 as the divine name.
4 יהוה אֲדֹנָי (a) my Lord Yahweh (see יהוה) Gen 15:2, Gen 15:8 (JE) Jos 7:7 (J, ᵐ5 omit ׳י) Deu 3:24; Deu 9:26; Jdg 6:22; Jdg 16:28; 2Sa 7:1 (6 t.) 1Ki 2:26; 1Ki 8:53; probably Amo 3:7-8, Amo 7:2, Amo 7:4, Amo 7:5; Amo 9:8; Jer 1:6; Jer 4:10; Jer 14:13; Jer 32:17, Jer 32:25; Eze 4:14; Eze 8:1; Eze 9:6; Eze 11:13; Eze 20:49; Eze 37:3 (׳י א אֲני כִּי ׳יָדַע) Eze 13:9; Eze 23:49; Eze 24:24; Eze 28:24; Eze 29:16 inappropriate in mouth of God; strike out אֲדֹנָי (Co) or read ׳י אֱלֹהֵיכֶם (Dalm); Mic 1:2; Zep 1:7; Obadiah 1; Zec 9:14; Psa 71:5; Psa 71:16; Psa 73:28; (b) apparently proper name Adonay Yahweh Isa 25:8; Jer 44:26; exile Isa 40:10 + (10 t., but Isa 61:1, Isa 61:11 read ᵐ5 יהוה,); (c) uncertain whether (a) or (b) in prophetic formula ׳א ׳י אָמַר Isa 7:7; Isa 28:16; Isa 30:15; Isa 49:22; Isa 51:4; Isa 65:13; Jer 7:20; Amo 1:8; Amo 3:11; Amo 5:3; Amo 7:6; Obadiah 1; Ezekiel (131 t.); א ׳נְאֻם ׳י Isa 56:8; Jer 2:22; Amo 3:13; Amo 4:5; Amo 8:3, Amo 8:9, Amo 8:11; Ezekiel (80 t.); ׳דְּבַראֿ ׳י Eze 6:3; Eze 25:3; Eze 36:4; א ׳נִשְׁבַּע ׳י Amo 4:2; Amo 6:8; א הִרְאַנִי ׳כֹּה ׳י Amo 7:1, Amo 7:4; Amo 8:1.
5 אֲדֹנָי יהוה Yahweh my Lord Psa 68:21; Psa 109:21; Psa 140:8; Psa 141:8; Hab 3:9.
6 צְבָאוֺת יהוה אֲדֹנָי (a) my Lord Yahweh ‚. (see צבאות) Psa 69:7; Amo 9:5; Isa 10:23; Isa 22:5, Isa 22:12; Isa 28:22 compare ׳י א הַצְבָאוֺת ׳אֱלֹהֵי, Yahweh, the God of Hosts my Lord Amo 5:16; (b) a divine name, Adonay, Yahweh ‚. Jer 46:10 (twice in verse); Jer 50:25; (c) uncertain are א אָמַר ׳כֹּה ׳י ׳צ Isa 10:24; Isa 22:14-15, ׳י ׳צ א ׳נְאֻם Isa 3:15; Jer 2:19; Jer 49:5; Jer 50:31.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry
Leaders325 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0

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