ἀρχή

ἀρχῆς, ἡ (from Homer down), in the Sept. mostly equivalent to רֹאשׁ, רֵאֹשִׁית, תְּחִלָּה;
1. beginning, origin;
a. used absolutely, of the beginning of all things: ἐν ἀρχή, Jn 1:1f (Gen 1:1); ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Mt 19:4 (with which cf. Xenophon, mem. 1, 4, 5 ὁ ἐξ ἀρχῆς ποιῶν ἀνθρώπους), Mt 19:8; Jn 8:44; 1 Jn 1:1; 1 Jn 2:13; 1 Jn 3:8; more fully ἀπ' ἀρχῆς κτίσεως or κόσμου, Mt 24:21; Mk 10:6; Mk 13:19; 2 Thess 2:13 (where L (Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading) ἀπαρχήν, which see); 2 Pet 3:4; κατ' ἀρχάς, Heb 1:10 (Psalm 101:26).
b. in a relative sense, of the beginning of the thing spoken of: ἐξ ἀρχῆς, from the time when Jesus gathered disciples, Jn 6:64; Jn 16:4; ἀπ' ἀρχῆς, Jn 15:27 (since I appeared in public); as soon as instruction was imparted, 1 Jn 2:1,; ; 2 Jn 1:5f; more fully ἐν ἀρχή τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, Phm 4:15 (Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 47, 2 [ET] (see note in Gebh. and Harn. at the passage and cf.) Polycarp, ad Philipp. 11, 3 [ET]); from the beginning of the gospel history, Lk 1:2; from the commencement of life, Acts 26:4; ἐν ἀρχή, in the beginning, when the church was founded, Acts 11:15. The accusative ἀρχήν (cf. Winers Grammar, 124 (118); Lightfoot on Col 1:18) and τήν ἀρχήν in the Greek writings (cf. Lennep ad Phalarid., pp. 82ff and, pp. 94ff, Lipsius edition; Brückner in DeWette's Handbook on John, p. 151) is often used adverbially, equivalent to ὅλως altogether (properly, an accusative of 'direction toward':usqueadinitium (cf. Winers Grammar, 230 (216); Buttmann, 153 (134))), commonly followed by a negative, but not always (cf. e. g. Dio Cassius fragment 101 (93 Dindorf); 45:34 (Dindorf vol. ii., p. 194); 59:20; 62:4; see, further, Lycurgus, § 125, Mätzner edition); hence, that extremely difficult passage, Jn 8:25 τήν... ὑμῖν, must in my opinion be interpreted as follows: I am altogether or wholly (i. e. in all respects, precisely) that which I even speak to you (I not only am, but also declare to you what I am; therefore you have no need to question me) (cf. Winers Grammar, 464 (432); Buttmann, 253 (218)). ἀρχήν λαμβάνειν, to take beginning, to begin, Heb 2:3. with the addition of the genitive of the thing spoken of: ὠδίνων, Mt 24:8; Mk 13:8() ((here R G plural); τῶν σημείων, Jn 2:11); ἡμερῶν, Heb 7:3; τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, that from which the gospel history took its beginning, Mk 1:1; τῆς ὑποστάσεως, the confidence with which we have made a beginning, opposed to μέχρι τέλους, Heb 3:14. τά στοιχεῖα τῆς ἀρχῆς, Heb 5:12 (τῆς ἀρχῆς is added for greater explicitness, as in Latinrudimentaprima, Livy 1, 3; Justin., hist. 7, 5; andprimaelamenta, Horat. sat. 1, 1, 26, etc.); ὁ τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγος equivalent to ὁ τοῦ Χριστοῦ λόγος ὁ τῆς ἀρχῆς, i. e. the instruction concerning Christ such as it was at the very outset (cf. Winers Grammar, 188 (177); Buttmann, 155 (136)), Heb 6:1.
2. the person or thing that commences, the first person or thing in a series, the leader: Col 1:18; Rev 1:8 Rec.; Rev 21:6; ; (Deut 21:17; Job 40:14(19), etc.).
3. that by which anything begins to be, the origin, active cause (a sense in which the philosopher Anaximander, 8th century B.C., is said to have been the first to use the word; cf. Simplicius, on Aristotle, phys. f. 9, p. 326, Brandis edition and 32, p. 334, Brandis edition (cf. Teichmüller, Stud. zur Gesch. d. Begriffe, pp. 48ff 560ff)): ἡ ἀρχή τῆς κτίσεως, of Christ as the divine λόγος, Rev 3:14 (cf. Düsterdieck at the passage; Clement of Alexandria, protrept. 1, p. 6, Potter edition (p. 30 edition Sylb.) ὁ λόγος ἀρχή θεία τῶν πάντων; in Ev. Nicod. c. 23 (p. 308, Tischendorf edition, p. 736, Thilo edition) the devil is called ἡ ἀρχή τοῦ θανάτου καί ῤίζα τῆς ἁμαρτίας).
4. the extremity of a thing: of the corners of a sail, Acts 10:11; Acts 11:5; (Herodotus 4, 60; Diodorus 1, 35; others.).
5. the first place, principality, rule, magistracy (cf. English 'authorities') (ἄρχω τίνος): Lk 12:11; Lk 20:20; Tit 3:1; office given in charge (Gen 40:13, Gen 40:21; Gen 40:2 Macc. 4:10, etc.), Jude 1:6. Hence, the term is transferred by Paul to angels and demons holding dominions entrusted to them in the order of things (see ἄγγελος, 2 (cf. Lightfoot on Col 1:16; Meyer on Eph 1:21)): Rom 8:38; 1 Cor 15:24; Eph 1:21; Eph 3:10; Eph 6:12; Col 1:16; Col 2:10, Col 2:15. See ἐξουσία, 4{c}. ββ.