χαλεπός
chalepós · G5467 · Greek · 2 occurrences
Meanings
-
troublous, distressful, violent
Pertaining to that which causes trouble and hardship, with an implication of violence
Examples2 Timothy 3:1 But realize this, that in the last days difficult times will come.
-
dangerous, fierce
Pertaining to one who is inclined to violent and dangerous activity
ExamplesMatthew 8:28 And when He came to the other side into the country of the Gadarenes, two demon-possessed men confronted Him as they were coming out of the tombs. They were so extremely violent that no one could pass by that way.
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- ἄγριος ágrios · G66 · violent, stormy, wild
- ἄγριος emphasizes wild, untamed ferocity (e.g., wild animals, violent waves), while χαλεπός focuses on difficulty and danger; both can describe fierce, dangerous situations or persons
- σκληρός sklērós · G4642 · harsh, strong, violent
- σκληρός emphasizes hardness, harshness, or severity (often of character or conditions), while χαλεπός emphasizes danger and violence; both can describe difficult or harsh situations
Contrasting words 2 words
- ἡσύχιος hēsýchios · G2272 · quiet, peaceful
- ἥσυχος describes a peaceful, tranquil, undisturbed state—the lexical opposite of the violent, dangerous, turbulent quality denoted by χαλεπός. Note: the ground-truth lemma is ἡσύχιος (an adjectival variant), meaning "still, undisturbed, undisturbing," which confirms the conceptual opposition to χαλεπός's dangerous/fierce sense.
- εἰρηνικός eirēnikós · G1516 · peaceful, free from worry
- εἰρηνικός describes a peaceable quality or disposition—the opposite of the fierce, dangerous, violent nature conveyed by χαλεπός
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Dangerous, fierce20.2
- Matthew 8:28 describes two demon-possessed men who “were so extremely violent that no one could pass by that way”.
- Troublous, distressful, violent22.29
- 2 Timothy 3:1 warns, “realize this, that in the last days difficult times will come.”
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon χαλεπης, χαλεπόν (from χαλέπτω to oppress, annoy ((?))), from Homer down, hard…
a. hard to do, to take, to approach.
b. hard to bear, troublesome, dangerous: καιροί χαλεποί (R. V. grievous), 2 Tim 3:1; harsh, fierce, savage: of men, Mt 8:28 (Isa 18:2 and often in secular authors from Homer down).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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