Φίλιππος

Φιλίππου, ὁ, Philip;
1. a son of Herod the Great by his fifth wife, Cleopatra of Jerusalem (Josephus, Antiquities 17, 1, 3), and by far the best of his sons. He was tetrarch of Gaulanitis, Trachonitis, Auranitis, Batanaea. and (according to the disputed statement of Lk 3:1) of Ituraea also (cf. Schürer as below; but see B. D. American edition, under the word Ituraea); and the founder of the cities of Caesarea Philippi (in the Decapolis) and Julias. After having lived long in celibacy, he married Salome, the daughter of Herod (Philip, the disinherited; see below) his halfbrother (Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 4). He ruled mildly, justly and wisely thirty-seven years, and in A.D. 34 died without issue, leaving a grateful memory of his reign in the minds of his subjects (Josephus, Antiquities 18, 2, 1 and 4, 6; b. j. 2, 9, 1): Mt 16:13; Mk 8:27; Lk 3:1; cf. Keim, in Schenkel iii., p. 40ff; Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 17, a.; (BB. DD.). In Mt 14:3; Mk 6:17. and Lk 3:19 Rec. it is said that his wife was Herodias (see Ἡρῳδιάς); thus Herod, the son of Herod the Great by Mariamne the daughter of the high priest Simon (Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 1; b. j. 1, 28, 4), who lived as a private citizen in comparative obscurity and was the first husband of Herodias (Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 4), seems to have been confounded with Philip, who as a ruler was better known (cf. Volkmar, Ueber ein. histor. Irrthum in den Evangg., in Zeller's Theol. Jahrbb. for 1846, p. 363ff). Many interpreters (see especially Krebs, Observations, etc., p. 37f; (Deyling, Observations, sacr. vol. ii. (2nd edition), p. 342ff)), in vindication of the Evangelists, make the somewhat improbable conjecture that the first husband of Herodias had two names, one a family name Herod, the other a proper name Philip; (yet so Winer, RWB, under the word Philippus, 5; BB. DD.; Gerlach in the Zeitschr. f. Luth. Theol. for 1869, p. 32f; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited; Weiss on Mark, the passage cited).
2. Philip of Bethsaida (in Galilee), one of the apostles: Mt 10:8; Mk 3:18; Lk 6:14; Jn 1:43-48(); Jn 6:5, Jn 6:7, Jn 12:21f, Jn 14:8f; Acts 1:13.
3. Philip, one of the seven deacons of the church at Jerusalem, and also an 'evangelist' (εὐαγγελιστής. which see): Acts 6:5; Acts 8:5-40; Acts 21:8.