υἱός

υἱοῦ, ὁ, from Homer down, the Sept. for בֵּן and Chaldean בַּר, a son (male offspring);
1. properly,
a. rarely of the young of animals: Mt 21:5 (Ps 28:1; Sir. 38:25); generally of the offspring of men, and in the restricted sense, male issue (one begotten by a father and born of a mother): Mt 10:37; Lk 1:13; ( L T Tr WH); Acts 7:29; Gal 4:22, etc.; ὁ υἱός τίνος, Mt 7:9; Mk 9:17; Lk 3:2; Jn 1:42(), and very often, as in Greek writings, υἱός is often to be supplied by the reader (Winer's Grammar, § 30, 3, p. 593 (551)): as τόν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου, Mt 4:21; Mk 1:19. plural υἱοί τίνος, Mt 20:20; Lk 5:10; Jn 4:12; Acts 2:17; Heb 11:21, etc. with the addition of an adjective, as πρωτότοκος, Mt 1:25 (R G); Lk 2:7; μονογενής, Lk 7:12. οἱ υἱοί, genuine sons, are distinguished from οἱ νόθοι in Heb 12:8. equivalent to τέκνον with ἄρσην added, a man child (Buttmann, 80 (70)), Rev 12:5; of one (actually or to be) regarded as a son, although properly not one, Jn 19:26; Acts 7:21; Heb 11:24; in kindly address, Heb 12:5 from Prov 3:11 (see τέκνον, a.β.).
b. in a wider sense (like θυγάτηρ, τέκνον), a descendant, one of the posterity of anyone: τίνος, Mt 1:20; ὁ υἱός Δαυίδ, of the Messiah, Mt 22:42, Mt 22:45; Mk 12:35, Mk 12:37; Lk 20:41, Lk 20:44; of Jesus the Messiah, Mt 9:27; Mt 12:23; Mt 15:22; Mt 20:30; Mt 21:9, Mt 21:15; Mk 10:47; Lk 18:38f plural υἱοί τίνος, Mt 23:31; Heb 7:5; υἱοί Ἰσραήλ, Israelites (the children of Israel), Mt 27:9; Acts 9:15; Acts 10:36; 2 Cor 3:7, 2 Cor 3:13; Heb 11:21; Rev 2:14; Rev 7:4; Rev 21:12 (see Ἰσραήλ); υἱοί Ἀβραάμ, sons of Abraham, is tropically applied to those who by their faith in Christ are akin to Abraham, Gal 3:7.
2. tropically and according to the Hebrew mode of speech (Winer's Grammar, 33 (32)), υἱός with the genitive of a person is used of one who depends on another or is his follower: οἱ υἱοί of teachers, equivalent to pupils (see τέκνον, b. β. (cf. Irenaeus haer. 4, 41, 2 qui enim ab aliquo edoctus est, verbo filius docentis dicitur, et ille eius pater)), Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19; τοῦ πονηροῦ, who in thought and action are prompted by the evil one and obey him, Mt 13:38; υἱός διαβόλου, Acts 13:10; with the genitive of a thing, one who is connected with or belongs to a thing by any kind of close relationship (Winers Grammar, § 34, 3 N. 2; Buttmann, § 132, 10): υἱοί τοῦ νυμφῶνος (see νυμφών), Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34 (τῆς ἄκρας, the garrison of the citadel, 1 Macc. 4:2; in Ossian 'a son of the hill' i. e. 'a hunter', 'a son of the sea' i. e. 'a sailor'; cf. Jen. Lit. Zeit. for 1836 No. 58, p. 462f); τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου, those whose character belongs to this age (is 'worldly'), Lk 16:8; Lk 20:34; τῆς ἀπειθείας, i. e. ἀπειθεῖς, Eph 2:2; Eph 5:6; Col 3:6 (here T Tr WH omit; L brackets the clause) (ἀνομίας, Psalm 88:23; τῆς ὑπερηφανίας, 1 Macc. 2:47); βροντῆς, who resemble thunder, thundering (see Βοανεργές), Mk 3:17; τοῦ φωτός, instructed in evangelical truth and devotedly obedient to it, Lk 16:8; Jn 12:36; with καί τῆς ἡμέρας added, 1 Thess 5:5; τῆς ἀναστάσεως, sharers in the resurrection, Lk 20:36; παρακλήσεως, Acts 4:36; one to whom anything belongs: as υἱοί τῶν προφητῶν καί τῆς διαθήκης, those to whom the prophetic and covenant promises belong, Acts 3:25; for whom a thing is destined, as υἱοί τῆς βασιλείας, Mt 8:12; Mt 13:38; τῆς ἀπωλείας, Jn 17:12; 2 Thess 2:3; one who is worthy of a thing, as γηννης, Mt 23:15; εἰρήνης, Lk 10:6 (θανάτου, 1 Sam 20:31; 2 Sam 12:5; הַכּות בִּן, the Sept. ἄξιος πληγῶν, Deut 25:2). (Synonym: see τέκνον.)
G5207a: υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
, the Sept. for אָדָם בֶּן, Chaldean אֲנָשׁ בַּר, son of man; it is:
1. properly, a periphrasis for 'man' especially common in the poetic books of the O. T., and usually carrying with it a suggestion of weakness and mortality: Num 23:19; Job 16:21; Job 25:6; Ps 8:5; Isa 51:12; Sir. 17:30 (25), etc.; often in Ezekiel, where God addresses the prophet by this name, as Ezek 2:1, Ezek 2:3; Ezek 3:1 (Ezek 2:10), etc.; plural הָאָדָם בְּנֵי (because אָדָם lacks the plural), υἱοί τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Gen 11:5; 1 Sam 26:19; Ps 10:4; Prov 8:31, etc. So in the N. T.: Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5, (Wis. 9:6); singular ὅμοιος υἱῷ ἀνθρώπου (like unto a son of man), of Christ in the apocalyptic vision, Rev 1:13 (here υἱόν T WH text); (υἱόν T WH) (after Dan 7:13).
2. In Dan 7:13f, cf. 18, 22, 27, the appellation son of man (אֱנָשׁ בַּר) symbolically denotes the fifth kingdom, universal and Messianic; and by this term its humanity is indicated in contrast with the barbarity and ferocity of the four preceding kingdoms (the Babylonian, the Median, the Persian, the Macedonian) typified under the form of beasts (verse 2ff). But in the Book of Enoch (written toward the close of the 2nd century before Christ (but cf. B. D. (especially American edition); Lipsius in Dict. of Chris. Biog. under the word; Dillmann in Herzog (2nd edition, vol. 12, p. 350f); Schodde, Book of Enoch, p. 20ff)) the name 'son of man' is employed to designate the person of the Messiah: 46, 2f; 48, 2; 62, 7, 9, 14; 63, 11; 69, 26f; 70, 1; 71, 17. (The chapters in which the name occurs are the work, if not of the first author of the book (as Ewald and Dillmann think (but see B. D. American edition, p. 740{b}; and Herzog as above, p. 351)), at least of a Jewish writer (cf. Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 32 V. 2, p. 626), certainly not (as Hilgenfeld, Volkmar, Keim, and others imagine) of a Christian interpolator.) In the language of the Jews in Jn 12:34 the titles Χριστός and υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου are used as synonyms.
3. The title ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, the Son of Man, is used by Jesus of himself (speaking in the third person) in Mt 8:20; Mt 9:6; Mt 10:23; Mt 11:19; Mt 12:8, Mt 12:32, Mt 12:40; Mt 13:37, Mt 13:41; Mt 16:13, Mt 16:27; Mt 17:9, Mt 17:12, Mt 17:22; Mt 18:11 Rec.; Mt 19:28; Mt 20:18, Mt 20:28, Mt 24:27, Mt 20:30, Mt 20:37, Mt 20:39, Mt 20:44, Mt 24:30 (twice); Rec., ; Mt 26:2, Mt 26:24, Mt 26:45, Mt 26:64; Mk 2:10, Mk 2:28; Mk 8:31, Mk 8:38; Mk 9:9, Mk 9:12, Mk 9:31; Mk 10:33, Mk 10:45; Mk 13:26; Mk 14:21, Mk 14:41, Mk 14:62; Lk 5:24; Lk 6:5, Lk 6:22; Lk 7:34; Lk 9:22, Lk 9:26, Lk 9:44, Lk 9:56 Rec., ; Lk 11:30; Lk 12:8, Lk 12:20, Lk 12:40, Lk 17:22, Lk 12:24, Lk 12:26, Lk 12:30, Lk 18:8, Lk 12:31, Lk 19:10, Lk 21:27, Lk 12:36, Lk 22:22, Lk 12:48, Lk 12:69, Lk 24:7; Jn 1:51 (Jn 1:52); Jn 3:13f; 6:27,53,62; 8:28; 12:23,34; 13:31> (once without the article, Jn 5:27), doubtless in order that (by recalling Dan 7:13f — not, as some suppose, Ps 8:5) he might thus intimate his Messiahship (as is plain from such passages as ψεσθε τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου... ἐρχόμενον ἐπί τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, Mt 26:64; Mk 14:62, cf. Dan 7:13; τόν υἱόν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐρχόμενον ἐν τῇ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ, Mt 16:28; ὅταν καθίσῃ ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐπί θρόνου δόξης αὐτοῦ, Mt 19:28); and also (as appears to be the case at least from Mk 2:28, where ὁ υἱός τοῦ ἀνθρώπου stands in emphatic antithesis to the repeated ὁ ἄνθρωπος preceding), that he might designate himself as the head of the human race, the man κατ' ἐξοχήν, the one who both furnished the pattern of the perfect man and acted on behalf of all mankind. Christ seems to have preferred this to the other Messianic titles, because by its lowliness it was least suited to foster the expectation of an earthly Messiah in royal splendor. There are no traces of the application of the name to Jesus in the apostolic age except in the speech of Stephen, Acts 7:56, and that of James, the brother of Jesus, in a fragment from Hegesippus given in Eus. h. e. 2, 23 (25), 13, each being a reminiscence of the words of Jesus in Mt 26:64 (to which may be added, from the apostolic fathers, Ignatius ad Ephes. 20, 2 [ET] ἐν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τῷ κατά σάρκα ἐκ γενοῦ Δαυίδ, τῷ υἱῷ ἀνθρώπου καί υἱῷ Θεοῦ). This disuse was owing no doubt to the fact that the term did not seem to be quite congruous with the divine nature and celestial majesty of Christ; hence, in the Epistle of Barnabas 12, 10 [ET] we read, Ἰησοῦς οὐχ υἱός ἀνθρώπου (i. e. like Joshua)), ἀλλ' υἱός τοῦ Θεοῦ (cf. Harnack's note on the passage). On this title, see especially Holtzmann in Hilgenfeld's Zeitschr. für wissenschaftl. Theol., 1865, p. 212ff; Keim, ii, p. 63ff. ((English translation, vol. iii., p. 79ff); Immer, Theol. d. N. T., p. 105ff; Westcott's Commentary on John, p. 33f; and other references in Meyer on Mt 8:20; B. D. American edition, under the word ).