πῶς

(from the obsolete ΠΟΣ, whence ποῦ, ποῖ, etc. (cf. Curtius, § 631)), adverb (from Homer down);
I. in interrogation; how? in what way? — in a direct question, followed by a. the indicative, it is the expression α. of one seeking information and desiring to be taught: Lk 1:34; Lk 10:26; Jn 3:9; Jn 9:26; 1 Cor 15:35 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (250)); πῶς οὖν, Jn 9:10 Tdf. (but L WH brackets οὖν), Jn 9:19; Rom 4:10. β. of one about to controvert another, and emphatically deny that the thing inquired about has happened or been done: Mt 12:29; Mk 3:23; Lk 11:18; Jn 3:4, Jn 3:12; Jn 5:44, Jn 5:47; Jn 6:52; Jn 9:16; 1 Jn 3:17; 1 Jn 4:20; Rom 3:6; Rom 6:2; 1 Cor 14:7, 1 Cor 14:9, 1 Cor 14:16; 1 Tim 3:5; Heb 2:3; καί πῶς, Mk 4:13; Jn 14:5 (here L text Tr WH omit καί); πῶς οὖν, Mt 12:26; Rom 10:14 R G; πῶς δέ, Rom 10:14a R G L marginal reading, 14b R G T, 15 R G (on this see in b. below). where something is asserted and an affirmative answer is expected, πῶς οὐχί is used: Rom 8:32; 2 Cor 3:8. γ. of surprise, intimating that what has been done or is said could not have been done or said, or not rightly done or said — being equivalent to how is it, or how has it come to pass, that etc.: Gal 2:14 G L T Tr WH; Mt 22:12; Jn 4:9; Jn 6:52; Jn 7:15; πῶς λέγεις, λέγουσι, κτλ., Mk 12:35; Lk 20:41; Jn 8:38; καί πῶς, Lk 20:44; Acts 2:8; καί πῶς σύ λέγεις, Jn 12:34; Jn 14:9 (here L T WH omit; Tr brackets καί); πῶς οὖν, Jn 6:42 (here T WH Tr text πῶς νῦν); Mt 22:43; πῶς οὐ, how is it that... not, why not? Mt 16:11; Mk 8:21 R G L marginal reading; (R G T); Lk 12:56.
b. the deliberative subjunctive (where the question is, how that can be done which ought to be done): πῶς πληρωθῶσιν αἱ γραφαί, how are the Scriptures (which ought to be fulfilled) to be fulfilled? Mt 26:54; πῶς φύγητε, how shall ye (who wish to escape) escape etc. Mt 23:33; add, πῶς οὖν, Rom 10:14 L T Tr WH; πῶς δέ, Rom 10:14a L text T Tr WH; 14{b} L Tr WH; 15 L T Tr WH (Sir. 49:11); cf. Fritzsche on Romans, vol. ii., 405f c. followed by ἄν with the optative: πῶς γάρ ἄν δυναίμην; Acts 8:31 (on which see ἄν, III., p. 34b).
II. By a somewhat negligent use, occasionally met with, even in Attic writings, but more frequent in later authors, πῶς is found in indirect discourse, where regularly ὅπως ought to have stood; cf. Winers Grammar, § 57, 2 at the end; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, IV.).
a. with the indicative — present: Mt 6:28; Mk 12:41; Lk 12:27; Acts 15:36; 1 Cor 3:10; Eph 5:15; Col 4:6; 1 Tim 3:15; τό πῶς (on the article see ὁ, II. 10 a.); with the imperfect Lk 14:7; with the perfect, Rev 3:3; with the aorist, Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26 (here Tr WH brackets πῶς); Lk 8:36; Acts 9:27, etc.; after ἀναγινώσκειν, Mk 12:26 T Tr WH; how it came to pass that, etc. Jn 9:15; with the future: μέριμνα, πῶς ἀρέσει (because the direct question would be πῶς ἀρέσω;), 1 Cor 7:32-34 (but L T Tr WH ἀρέσῃ); ἐζήτουν πῶς αὐτόν ἀπολέσουσιν, how they shall destroy him (so that they were in no uncertainty respecting his destruction, but were only deliberating about the way in which they will accomplish it), Mk 11:18 R G (but the more correct reading here, according to the best manuscripts, including codex Siniaticus, is ἀπολέσωσιν 'how they should destroy him' (cf. Winers Grammar, § 41 b. 4 b.; Buttmann, § 139, 61; see the next entry)).
b. with the subjunctive, of the aorist and in deliberation: Mk 11:18 L T Tr WH; Mk 14:1, Mk 14:11 (R G); Mt 10:19; Lk 12:11; τό πῶς, Lk 22:2, Lk 22:4; Acts 4:21.
III. in exclamation, how: πῶς δύσκολόν ἐστιν, Mk 10:24; πῶς παραχρῆμα, Mt 21:20; πῶς δυσκόλως, Mk 10:23; Lk 18:24; with a verb, how (greatly): πῶς συνέχομαι, Lk 12:50; πῶς ἐφίλει αὐτόν, Jn 11:36.