πυρόω
pyróō · G4448 · Greek · 6 occurrences
Meanings
-
to heat, to make fiery hot
To cause to be hot, as of fire
ExamplesRevelation 1:15 His feet were like burnished bronze when it has been heated to a glow in a furnace, and His voice was like the sound of many waters.
-
to burn, burning, to be on fire
The process of burning
ExamplesEphesians 6:16 in addition to all, taking up the shield of faith with which you will be able to extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one.
2 Peter 3:12 looking for and hastening the coming of the day of God, because of which the heavens will be destroyed by burning, and the elements will melt with intense heat!
Revelation 3:18 I advise you to buy from Me gold refined by fire so that you may become rich, and white garments so that you may clothe yourself and the shame of your nakedness will not be revealed; and eye salve to apply to your eyes so that you may see.
-
to be greatly worried, to be very distressed, to be worried and distressed
(A figurative extension of meaning of πυρόω ‘to burn,’) To be upset, with great concern and anxiety
Examples2 Corinthians 11:29 Who is weak without my being weak? Who is led into sin without my intense concern?
-
to burn with passion, to be sexually aroused
To experience intense sexual desire
Examples1 Corinthians 7:9 But if they do not have self-control, let them marry; for it is better to marry than to burn with passion.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
6 occurrences in 4 groups
- Not stated (participle) 3
- ἐγώI, we 1
- οὐρανόςheaven, sky 1
- Not stated (infinitive) 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- διάthrough+ ὅςwho, which, that 1
- ἐκfrom+ πῦρfire 1
- ἐνin+ κάμινοςfurnace 1
With adverbsAdverbs
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- οὐnot 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- ἡμέραday 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- σβέννυμιto extinguish a fire 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- καυσόω kausóō · G2741 · to burn, burning, to be on fire
- Both describe burning or being set on fire. πυρόω (pyróō, G4448) has broader application including figurative uses for emotional inflammation and metallurgical refining, while καυσόω (kausóō, G2741) appears more narrowly focused on the literal act of setting something ablaze.
In the other Testament 1 word
- צָרַף tsâraph · H6884 · to test, to purge away
- Greek πυρόω emphasizes the process of being ignited or set on fire (literal or figurative inflammation), while Hebrew צָרַף focuses specifically on the metallurgical refinement process of purifying metals through fire; both share the core semantic domain of fire-based transformation, with πυρόω capturing the passive state of being set ablaze and צָרַף the technical craft of purification.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- To burn, burning, to be on fire14.63
- The verb describes being set ablaze. Peter describes the day of God, “because of which the heavens will be destroyed by burning, and the elements will melt with intense heat” (2 Peter 3:12).
- To be greatly worried, to be very distressed, to be worried and distressed25.229
- The same verb is used figuratively for intense emotional distress, translated as burning inwardly. Paul asks rhetorically, “Who is led into sin without my intense concern?” (2 Corinthians 11:29).
- To burn with passion, to be sexually aroused25.31
- The same verb is also used specifically for burning with sexual desire. Paul instructs, “it is better to marry than to burn with passion” (1 Corinthians 7:9).
- To heat, to make fiery hot79.72
- The same verb describes metal made glowing hot by fire. John's vision describes feet “like burnished bronze when it has been heated to a glow in a furnace” (Revelation 1:15).
Word family 10 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon : passive, present πυροῦμαι; perfect participle πεπυρωμένος; (πῦρ); from Aeschylus and…
a. to be on fire, to burn: properly, 2 Pet 3:12; tropically, of the heat of the passions: of grief, 2 Cor 11:29 (English Versions burn (often understood of indignation, but cf. Meyer); Winer's Grammar, 153 (145)); of anger, with τοῖς θυμοῖς added, equivalent to to be incensed, indignant, 2 Macc. 4:38 2Macc. 10:35 2Macc. 14:45; to be inflamed with sexual desire, 1 Cor 7:9.
b. perfect participle πεπυρωμένος, made to glow (R. V. refined): Rev 1:15 ((cf. Buttmann, 80 (69) n.)); full of fire; fiery, ignited: τά βέλη... τά πεπυρωμένα darts filled with inflammable substances and set on fire, Eph 6:16 (Apollod. Bib. 2, 5, 2 § 3); melted by fire and purged of dross: χρυσίον πεπυρωμένον ἐκ πυρός, (refined by fire), Rev 3:18 (so πυρόω in the Sept. for צָרַף; as τό ἀγρυριον, Job 22:25; Zech 13:9; Ps 11:7; ()).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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