πειρασμός

πειρασμοῦ, ὁ (πειράζω, which see), the Sept. for מַסָּה, an experiment, attempt, trial, proving; (Vulg.tentatio);
a. universally, trial, proving: Sir. 27:5, 7; τόν πειρασμόν ὑμῶν ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου, the trial made of you by my bodily condition, since this condition served to test the love of the Galatians toward Paul, Gal 4:14 L T Tr WH (cf.
b. below, and Lightfoot at the passage).
b. specifically, the trial of man's fidelity, integrity, virtue, constancy, etc.: 1 Pet 4:12; also an enticement to sin, temptation, whether arising from the desires or from outward circumstances, Lk 8:13; 1 Cor 10:13; ὑπομένειν πειρασμόν, Jas 1:12; an internal temptation to sin, 1 Tim 6:9; of the temptation by which the devil sought to divert Jesus the Messiah from his divine errand, Lk 4:13; of a condition of things, or a mental state, by which we are enticed to sin, or to a lapse from faith and holiness: in the phrases εἰσφέρειν τινα εἰς πειρασμόν, Mt 6:13; Lk 11:4; ἐισέρχεσθαι εἰς πειρασμόν, Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38 (here T WH ἔλθητε); Lk 22:40, Lk 22:46; adversity, affliction, trouble (cf. our trial), sent by God and serving to test or prove one's faith, holiness, character: plural, Lk 22:28; Acts 20:19; Jas 1:2; 1 Pet 1:6; τόν πειρασμόν μου τόν ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου, my temptation arising from my bodily infirmity, Gal 4:14 Rec. (but see a. above); ὥρα τοῦ πειρασμοῦ, Rev 3:10; ἐκ πειρασμοῦ ῤύεσθαι, 2 Pet 2:9 (Deut 7:19; Deut 29:3; Sir. 2:1 Sir. 6:7 Sir. 36:1 (Sir. 33:1); 1 Macc. 2:52).
c. 'temptation' (i. e. trial) of God by men, i. e. rebellion against God, by which his power and justice are, as It were, put to the proof and challenged to show themselves: Heb 3:8 (Deut 6:16; Deut 9:22; Ps 94:8). Cf. Fried. B. Koester, Die Biblical Lehre yon der Versuchung. Gotha, 1859. (The word has not yet been found in secular authors except Dioscorides (?) praef. i. τούς ἐπί παθῶν πειρασμούς experiments made on diseases.)