πάλιν

adverb, from Homer down;
1. anew, again (but the primary meaning seems to be back; cf. (among others) Ellendt, Lex. Sophocles, under the word, ii, p. 485);
a. joined to verbs of all sorts, it denotes renewal or repetition of the action: Mt 4:8; Mt 20:5; Mt 21:36; Mt 22:1, Mt 22:4; Mk 2:13; Mk 3:20; Lk 23:20; Jn 1:35; Jn 4:13; Jn 8:2, Jn 8:8, Jn 8:12, Jn 8:21; Jn 9:15, Jn 9:17; Jn 10:19; Acts 17:32; Acts 27:28; Rom 11:23; 1 Cor 7:5; 2 Cor 11:16; Gal 1:9; Gal 2:18; Gal 4:19; 2 Pet 2:20; Phm 2:28; Phm 4:4; Heb 1:6 (where πάλιν is tacitly opposed to the time when God first brought his Son into the world, i. e. to the time of Jesus' former life on earth); Heb 5:12; Heb 6:1, Heb 6:6; Jas 5:18; Rev 10:8, Rev 10:11; πάλιν μικρόν namely, ἔσται, Jn 16:16f, 19; εἰς τό πάλιν, again (cf. German zum wiederholten Male; (see εἰς, A. II. 2 at the end)), 2 Cor 13:2; with verbs of going, coming, departing, returning, where again combines with the notion of back; thus with ἄγωμεν, Jn 11:7; ἀναχωρεῖν, Jn 6:15 (where Tdf. φεύγει and Griesbach omits πάλιν) (cf. Jn 6:3); ἀπέρχεσθαι, Jn 4:3; Jn 10:40; Jn 20:10; ἐισέρχεσθαι, Mk 2:1; Mk 3:1; Jn 18:33; Jn 19:9; ἐξέρχεσθαι, Mk 7:31; ἔρχεσθαι, Jn 4:46; Jn 14:3; 2 Cor 1:16; 2 Cor 12:21 (cf. Winers Grammar, 554 (515) n.; Buttmann, § 145, 2 a.); ὑπάγειν, Jn 11:8; ἀνακάμπτειν, Acts 18:21; διαπεραν, Mk 5:21; ὑποστρέφειν, Gal 1:17; ἡ ἐμή παρουσία πάλιν πρός ὑμᾶς, my presence with you again, i. e. my return to you, Phm 1:26 (cf. Buttmann, § 125, 2); also with verbs of taking, Jn 10:17; Acts 10:16 Rec.; .
b. with other parts of the sentence: πάλιν εἰς φόβον, Rom 8:15; πάλιν ἐν λύπη, 2 Cor 2:1.
c. πάλιν is explained by the addition of more precise specifications of time (cf. Winer's Grammar, 604 (562)): πάλιν ἐκ τρίτου, Mt 26:44 (L Tr marginal reading brackets ἐκ τρίτου); ἐκ δευτέρου, Mt 26:42; Acts 10:15; πάλιν δεύτερον, Jn 4:54; Jn 21:16; πάλιν ἄνωθεν, again, anew (R. V. back again (yet cf. Meyer at the passage)), Gal 4:9 (Wis. 19:6; πάλιν ἐξ ἀρχῆς, Aristophanes Plutarch, 866; Plato, Eut., p. 11 b. and 15 c.; Isoc. areiop. 6, p. 338 (p. 220, Lange edition); cf. Winer's Grammar, as above).
2. again, i. e. further, moreover (where the subject remains the same and a repetition of the action or condition is indicated): Mt 5:33 (πάλιν ἠκούσατε); Mt 13:44 (where T Tr WH omit; L brackets πάλιν), Mt 13:45, Mt 13:47; ; Lk 13:20; Jn 10:7 (not Tdf.); especially where to O. T. passages already quoted others are added: Mt 4:7; Jn 12:39; Jn 19:37; Rom 15:10-12; 1 Cor 3:20; Heb 1:5; Heb 2:13; Heb 4:5; Heb 10:30; Clement of Rome, 1 Cor. 15, 3f [ET] and often in Philo; cf. Bleek, Br. a. d. Heb 2:1, p. 108. 3. in turn, on the other hand: Lk 6:43 T WH L brackets Tr brackets; 1 Cor 12:21; 2 Cor 10:7; 1 Jn 2:8 (Wis. 13:8 Wis. 16:23; 2 Macc. 15:39; see examples from secular authors in Pape, under the word, 2; Passow, under the word, 3; (Ellendt as above (at the beginning); Liddell and Scott, under the word, III.; but many (e. g. Fritzsche and Meyer on Mt 3:7) refuse to recognize this sense in the N. T.)). John uses πάλιν in his Gospel far more frequent than the other N. T. writings, in his Epistles but once; Luke two or three times; the author of the Rev. twice.