ἀνάπαυσις

שַׁבָּתוֹן shabbâthôwn · H7677 · (time of) solemn rest

Both denote cessation from work or activity for restorative purposes; שַׁבָּתוֹן specifically emphasizes the sabbath-observance context of rest as a covenantal institution, while ἀνάπαυσις functions as the broader Greek term for intermission, cessation, or recreation that LXX translators employed to render the Hebrew sabbath-rest concept into Greek.

מְנוּחָה mᵉnûwchâh · H4496 · rest, peace of mind, peace

Greek ἀνάπαυσις denotes cessation/intermission with emphasis on the recreation or relief obtained, while Hebrew מְנוּחָה emphasizes the state of rest, quietness, or the physical resting-place itself; both converge on 'rest' as their core shared concept with stylistic/aspectual differences in how that rest is characterized.

מָנוֹחַ mânôwach · H4494 · rest, peace of mind, peace

Greek ἀνάπαυσις renders Hebrew מָנוֹחַ as its cross-linguistic equivalent for the concept of rest/intermission, with Greek emphasizing the cessation aspect (ἀνά-παυσις, 'stopping') while Hebrew emphasizes the location/state of repose (place of rest), both denoting the same core semantic domain of rest.

נַחַת Nachath · H5183 · descending (of God's arm), descent into the dust, death

Greek ἀνάπαυσις (anápausis) serves as the cross-linguistic equivalent of Hebrew נַחַת (nachat), both denoting cessation from activity or a state of quietness/rest, with the Greek term emphasizing the experiential aspect of relief or recreation while the Hebrew emphasizes the descent into or settling into a quiet state.

Relief22.37

In Revelation 14:11, of those who worship the beast it is said, “they have no rest (anápausin) day and night,” describing an unending torment with no relief.

Rest, to rest23.80

In Matthew 11:29, Jesus promises, “take My yoke upon you and learn from Me... and you will find rest (anápausin) for your souls,” naming the state of rest He grants.

A place to rest23.87

In Matthew 12:43, of an unclean spirit that leaves a person, “it passes through waterless places seeking rest (anápausin), and does not find it,” describing its search for a physical place to settle.

To cease, to stop68.34

In Revelation 4:8, the four living creatures “day and night they do not cease (anápausin ouk échousin) to say, ‘HOLY, HOLY, HOLY IS THE LORD GOD, THE ALMIGHTY,’” describing their unceasing activity, with no pause or stopping.

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.