ἑαυτοῦ
heautoû · G1438 · Greek · 323 occurrences
Meanings
-
himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
In the singular, a reflexive reference to a person or thing spoken or written about, and in the plural, a reflexive reference to any and all persons or things involved as subjects of the clause (including first, second and third persons)
ExamplesMatthew 3:9 and do not assume that you can say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our father’; for I tell you that God is able, from these stones, to raise up children for Abraham.
Matthew 6:34 “So do not worry about tomorrow; for tomorrow will worry about itself. Each day has enough trouble of its own.
Matthew 8:22 But Jesus said to him, “Follow Me, and let the dead bury their own dead.”
-
each other, one another
A reciprocal reference between entities
ExamplesMatthew 9:3 And some of the scribes said to themselves, “This man is blaspheming!”
Matthew 21:38 “But when the vine-growers saw the son, they said among themselves, ‘This is the heir; come, let’s kill him and take possession of his inheritance!’
1 Peter 4:8 Above all, keep fervent in your love for one another, because love covers a multitude of sins.
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- τοιοῦτοςsuch 1
Named alongside itApposition
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- γενεάgeneration 1
What it doesIt is the subject
4 occurrences in 4 groups
- γεύομαιto taste 1
- ἔχωto have 1
- μέλλωto be about to 1
- φάγωto eat 1
What is done to itIt is the object
120 occurrences in 78 groups
- συνιστάωto commend, to show 7
- δίδωμιto give, to grant 6
- προσέχωto pay attention, to beware 5
- ταπεινόωto make low 5
- παραδίδωμιto hand over, to betray 4
- ζητέωto seek, to look for 3
- Other words · 67 groups that occur once or twice (81) 81
It is given or told toIndirect object
23 occurrences in 19 groups
- ἀγοράζωto buy 3
- Other words · 18 groups that occur once or twice (21) 21
What it is said to bePredicate
7 occurrences in 6 groups
- Ἰουδαῖοςa Jew, Jewish 2
- τὶςsomeone 2
- δίκαιοςrighteous 1
- ζάωto be alive, to live, to come back to life 1
- νεκρόςdead, the dead 1
- ΧριστόςChrist, Messiah 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
100 occurrences in 13 groups
- ἐνin 71
- πρόςto, toward, with 27
- ἐπίon 22
- μετάwith, after 17
- ἀπόfrom 14
- εἰςto 12
- Other words · 4 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
59 occurrences in 39 groups
- ὁthe (definite article) 6
- γυνήwoman, wife 4
- κύριοςLord 3
- λαμπάςlamp, torch 3
- Other words · 35 groups that occur once or twice (45) 45
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- He, him, she, her, it, they, them92.11
- Used as an ordinary third-person referent within a clause, drawn from the same broad range of meaning as the reflexive entries below.
- Himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves92.25
- Used reflexively of a subject acting upon or referring back to itself, as of the presumption of saying to themselves that they have Abraham as father in Matthew 3:9, tomorrow worrying about itself in Matthew 6:34, the scribes saying to themselves that this man is blaspheming in Matthew 9:3, and the woman saying to herself that if she only touches His cloak she will get well in Matthew 9:21.
- Each other, one another92.26
- Used of a reciprocal relationship between two or more parties, as of letting the dead bury their own dead in Matthew 8:22's surrounding reflexive-and-reciprocal family-obligation language.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon ἑαυτῆς, ἑαυτοῦ, etc. or (contracted) αὑτοῦ, αὑτῆς, αὑτοῦ (see p. 87); plural ἑαυτῶν;…
1. of the 3rd person singular and plural, to denote that the agent and the person acted on are the same; as, σῴζειν ἑαυτόν, Mt 27:42; Mk 15:31; Lk 23:35; ὑψοῦν ἑαυτόν, Mt 23:12, etc. ἑαυτῷ, ἑαυτόν are also often added to middle verbs: διεμερίσαντο ἑαυτοῖς, Jn 19:24 (Xenophon, mem. 1, 6, 13 ποιεῖσθαι ἑαυτῷ φίλον); cf. Winers Grammar, § 38, 6; (Buttmann, § 135., 6). Of the phrases into which this pronoun enters we notice the following: ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ, see ἀπό, II. 2 d. aa.; δἰ ἑαυτοῦ, of itself, i. e. in its own nature, Rom 14:14 (Tr L text read αὐτοῦ); ἐν ἑαυτῷ, see in διαλογίζεσθαι, λέγειν, εἰπεῖν. Αἰς ἑαυτόν ἔρχεσθαι, to come to oneself, to a better mind, Lk 15:17 (Diodorus 13, 95). Καθ' ἑαυτόν, by oneself, alone: Acts 28:16; Jas 2:17. Παῥ ἑαυτῷ, by him, i. e. at his home, 1 Cor 16:2 (Xenophon, mem. 3, 13, 3). Πρός ἑαυτόν, to himself i. e. to his home, Lk 24:12 (R G; T omits, WH (but with αὑτόν) reject, L Tr (but the latter with αὐτόν) brackets, the verse); Jn 20:10 (T Tr αὐτόν (see αὑτοῦ)); with (cf. our to) himself, i. e. in his own mind, προσεύχεσθαι, Lk 18:11 (Tdf. omits) (2 Macc. 11:13); in the genitive, joined with a noun, it has the force of a possessive pronoun, as τούς ἑαυτῶν νεκρούς: Mt 8:22; Lk 9:60.
2. It serves as reflexive also to the 1st and 2nd person, as often in classic Greek, when no ambiguity is thereby occasioned; thus, ἐν ἑαυτοῖς equivalent to ἐν ἡμῖν αὐτοῖς, Rom 8:23; ἑαυτούς equivalent to ἡμᾶς αὐτούς, 1 Cor 11:31; ἀφ' ἑαυτοῦ equivalent to ἀπό σεαυτοῦ (read by L Tr WH), Jn 18:34; ἑαυτόν equivalent to σεαυτόν (read by L T Tr WH), Rom 13:9; ἑαυτοῖς for ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς, Mt 23:31, etc.; cf. Matthiae, § 489 II.; Winers Grammar, § 22, 5; (Buttmann, § 127, 15).
3. It is used frequently in the plural for the reciprocal pronoun ἀλλήλων, ἀλλήλοις, ἀλλήλους, reciprocally, mutually, one another: Mt 16:7; Mt 21:38; Mk 10:26 (Tr marginal reading WH αὐτόν); ; Lk 20:5; Eph 4:32; Col 3:13, Col 3:16; 1 Pet 4:8, 1 Pet 4:10; see Matthine § 489 III.; Kühner, ii., p. 497f; Bernhardy (1829), p. 273; (Lightfoot on Col 3:13).
Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (1889), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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