γραμματεύς

γραμματέως (accusative plural γραμματεῖς, Winers Grammar, § 9, 2; (Buttmann, 14 (13))), ὁ (γράμμα), the Sept. for סֹפֵר and שֹׁטֵר;
1. in secular authors and here and there in the O. T. (e. g. 2 Sam 8:17; 2 Sam 20:25; 2 Kgs 19:2; 2 Kgs 25:19; Ps 44:2, a clerk, scribe, especially a public scribe, secretary, recorder, whose office and influence differed in different states: Acts 19:35 (Sir. 10:5); (cf. Lightfoot in The Contemporary Review for 1878, p. 294; Wood, Discoveries at Ephesus, Appendix, Inscriptions from the Great Theatre, p. 49 n.),
2. in the Bible, a man learned in the Mosaic law and in the sacred writings, an interpreter, teacher: Mt 23:34; 1 Cor 1:20 (called also νομικός in Lk 10:25, and νομοδιδάσκαλος in Lk 5:17; (Meyer (on Mt 22:35), while denying any essential different between γραμματεύς and νομικός (cf. Lk 11:52, Lk 11:53 — yet see critical texts), regards the latter name as the more specific (a jurisconsult) and Classic, γραμματεύς as the more general (a learned man) and Hebraistic; it is also the more common in the Apocrypha, where νομικός occurs only 4 Macc. 5:3. As teachers they were called νομοδιδάσκαλοι. Cf. B. D. under the word , also under the word I. 1 note)); Jer 8:8 (cf. 2:8); Neh 8:1; Neh 12:26, Neh 12:36; Neh 12:2 Esdr. 7:6, 11, and especially Sir. 38:24, 31ff Sir. 39:1-11. The γραμματεῖς explained the meaning of the sacred oracles, Mt 2:4 (γραμματεῖς τοῦ λαοῦ, Josh 1:10; Josh 1:1 Macc. 5:42; cf. Sir. 44:4); ; Mk 9:11; Mk 12:35; examined into the more difficult and subtile questions of the law, Mt 9:3; Mk 2:6; Mk 12:28; added to the Mosaic law decisions of various kinds thought to elucidate its meaning and scope, and did this to the detriment of religion, Mt 5:20; Mt 15:1ff; 23:2ff; Mk 7:1ff; cf. Lk 11:46. Since the advice of men skilled in the law was needed in the examination of causes and the solution of difficult questions, they were enrolled in the Sanhedrin; and accordingly in the N. T. they are often mentioned in connection with the priests and elders of the people: Mt 21:15; Mt 26:3 R G; Mk 11:18, Mk 11:27; Mk 14:1; Mk 15:1; Lk 19:47; Lk 20:1; Lk 22:2. Cf. Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 25 ii.; Klöpper in Schenkel v. 247ff; (and thorough articles in BB. DD. under the word ; cf. Winer's Grammar, Robertson Smith, The O. T. in the Jewish Ch., Lect. iii.):
3. universally, a religious teacher: γραμματεύς μαθητευθείς εἰς τήν βασιλείαν τῶν οὐρανῶν a teacher so instructed that from his learning and ability to teach advantage may redound to the kingdom of heaven, Mt 13:52 (but G T Tr WH read μαθητευθείς τῇ βασιλεία (L ἐν τῇ βασιλείαν); and many interpret made a disciple unto the kingdom of heaven (which is personified); see μαθητεύω, at the end).