תַּעָב
taʻâb · H8581 · Hebrew · 22 occurrences
Meanings
-
to abhor
State in which humans or deities experience a deep hostility or aversion towards a person, object, or activity
ExamplesDeuteronomy 7:26 “And you shall not bring an abomination into your house and become designated for destruction, like it; you are to utterly detest it, and you are to utterly loathe it, for it is something designated for destruction.
Deuteronomy 23:7 “You shall not loathe an Edomite, for he is your brother; you shall not loathe an Egyptian, because you were a stranger in his land.
1 Chronicles 21:6 But he did not count Levi and Benjamin among them, because the king’s command was abhorrent to Joab.
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to act abominably
Action by which humans are engaged in activities that provoke a deep hostility or aversion in others
ExamplesEzekiel 16:52 “Also, bear your disgrace in that you have made judgment favorable for your sisters. Because of your sins in which you acted more abominably than they, they are more in the right than you. Yes, be also ashamed and bear your disgrace, in that you made your sisters appear innocent.
-
to act abominably
Literally: to make (one's) wrong abominable; hence: action by which humans are engaged in evil activities that provoke a deep hostility or aversion in others
ExamplesPsalm 53:1 The fool has said in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt, and have committed abominable injustice; There is no one who does good.
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to be abominable
State in which humans provoke a deep hostility or aversion in others because of their activities
ExamplesJob 15:16 How much less one who is detestable and corrupt: A person who drinks malice like water!
How it’s used In 7 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
18 occurrences in 10 groups
- Not stated: you (one person) 5
- Not stated: they 4
- Other words · 8 groups that occur once or twice (9) 9
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
14 occurrences in 12 groups
- נִיme 3
- Other words · 11 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- מִןfrom+ הֵןin 1
- אֵתwith+ יוֹאָבJoab 1
- לto/for+ הָלַךְto go, to walk 1
With adverbsAdverbs
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- לֹאnot 2
- מְאֹדvery 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- גּוֹיnation, people 1
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 3 groups
- אִישׁman, person, each 1
- קָצִיןchief 1
- רֹאשׁhead, top, chief 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 5 words
- תָּאַב tâʼab · H8374 · to long, to desire, to hate
- Both lexemes denote abhorring or abomination in Hebrew, with glosses that overlap in expressing strong rejection or disgust — two distinct Hebrew roots for similar senses, functioning as near-synonyms.
- בָּאַשׁ bâʼash · H887 · to become foul, to stink, to make stink
- Both lexemes denote causing or being abhorrent/detestable, with תַּעָב (taʻâb, H8581) focused on moral/cultic abomination and בָּאַשׁ (bâʼash, H887) grounded in "stink" (smell-based disgust extending metaphorically to moral loathing). These are near-synonyms in the "abhor/detest" semantic space.
- מָאַס mâʼaç · H3988 · to reject, to refuse, to waste away
- Both words are verbs of strong rejection and disgust, overlapping in the sense "abhor" and conveying intense rejection or loathing.
- שָׂנֵא sânêʼ · H8130 · to hate, to reject, enemy
- Both words denote strong negative emotional attitudes, hating and abhorring or detesting, two distinct Hebrew words for intense rejection and aversion that could substitute in many contexts.
- קוּט qûwṭ · H6962 · to loathe, to be disgusted with
- Both words express strong aversion, loathing and abhorrence.
In the other Testament 1 word
- βδελύσσω bdelýssō · G948 · to abhor, to abominate
- Greek βδελύσσω (bdelýssō, G948) renders Hebrew תַּעָב (taʻâb, H8581) as its standard Septuagint translation equivalent, both denoting ritual/moral abhorrence with particular emphasis on idolatrous practices.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Hate002001002014
- This verb denotes utter detestation, as in Deuteronomy 7:26's command to utterly detest and loathe anything designated for destruction.
- Wrong002001003019
- The verb also denotes acting in a despicable manner, as in 1 Kings 21:26's account of Ahab acting very despicably in following idols.
- Evil002001002007
- The verb also denotes bringing on oneself an abhorrent, defiled state, as in Job 9:31's lament that his own clothes would loathe him if God plunged him into the pit.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H8581. taab [תָּעַב] verb denominative Niph`al Pi`el: Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular…
[תָּעַב] verb denominative Niph`al Pi`el: Niph`al Perfect3masculine singular נִתְעַב 1Ch 21:6; Participle נִתְעָב Isa 14:19; Job 15:16; — be abhorred:
1 ritual sense: נִתְעָב נֵצֶר Isa 14:19 an abhorred (rejected) branch ( < נֵץ vulture, the unclean scavenger bird); וֶנֶאֱלָךְ֑ נִתְעָב Job 15:16 abhorred and corrupt, from disease (נאלח elsewhere Psa 14:3 = Psa 53:4 || התעיב).
2 ethically: David's census, according to 1Ch 21:6.
Pi`el Perfect3plural sf תִּעֲבוּנִי Job 9:31 Job 9:2t.; Imperfect יְתָעֵב Psa 106:40; Psa 5:7 (read 2 masculine singular תְּתַעֵב); 3 feminine singular תְּתַעֵב Psa 107:18; Psa 107:2masculine singular תְּתַעֵב Deu 23:8 (twice in verse), etc.; Infinitive absolute תַּעֵב Deu 7:26; Participle מְתָעֵב Isa 49:7 (but see infra), + Amo 6:8 (so read for מְתָאֵב GeiUrschrift 349 We Now Marti Harper); plural מְתַעֲבִים Mic 3:9; —
1 regard as an abomination abhor:
a. ritual sense: (1) of God; with accusative of Israel, because of idols Psa 106:40. (2) of man: with accusative, of abomination Deu 7:26 (twice in verse), compare Deu 23:8 (twice in verse); Job Job 19:19; Job 30:10.
b. ethically: (1) of God; || שׂנא, with accusative: ומרמה דמים אישׁ Psa 5:7 (Amo 6:8 see II. תאב). (2) of man; with accusative מִשְׁמָּט Mic 3:9, תָּמִים דֹּבֵר Amo 5:10 (|| שׂנא), שֶׁקֶר Psa 119:163 (|| שׂנא).
c. physically: with accusative כָּלאֹֿכֶל Psa 107:18.
2 cause to be an abomination: with accusative, ritual sense Eze 16:25; Job, from filthy garments Job 9:31; גּוֺי מְתָעֵב Isa 49:7 (|| נֶפֶשׁ בְּזִה) (read probably
Pu`al מְתִעַב, as Oort SS Bu Du).
Hiph`il Perfect2feminine singular הִתְעַבְתְּ Eze 16:52; Eze 16:3masculine plural הִתְעִיבוּ Psa 14:1 = Psa 53:2; Imperfect וַיַּתְעֵב 1Ki 21:26; — make abominable, do abominably:
1 ritual sense: with accusative of thing, Eze 16:52; לְ with infinitive 1Ki 21:26.
2 ethically: with accusative עלילה Psa 14:1 = Psa 53:2 (עול).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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