אֵת
ʼêth · H855 · Hebrew · 5 occurrences
Thing
Meanings
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mattock
Possibly a wooden handle with an iron head having an adze and a chisel as its ends, used for breaking up moderately hard soil to make it ready for cultivation, though the exact meaning is unknown
Examples1 Samuel 13:20 So all Israel went down to the Philistines, each to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, and his hoe.
1 Samuel 13:21 The charge was two-thirds of a shekel for the plowshares, the mattocks, the forks, and the axes, and to fix the cattle goads.
Isaiah 2:4 And He will judge between the nations, And will mediate for many peoples; And they will beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning knives. Nation will not lift up a sword against nation, And never again will they learn war.
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Marker identifying the entity that is directly targeted by the event in focus, and which usually is already part of the cognitive context; described in syntactic terms as the direct object marker; untranslatable in English unless accompanied by a suffix
Examples1 Samuel 13:20 So all Israel went down to the Philistines, each to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, and his hoe.
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הוּhis 1
- כֶםyour 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- כָּתַתto smash 1
- לָטַשׁto sharpen, to forge 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
3 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 5
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἄροτρον árotron · G723 · plow
- Greek ἄροτρον denotes the entire plow implement, while Hebrew אֵת specifically refers to the plowshare (the blade/cutting component), representing a whole-to-part relationship where the Greek term encompasses the Hebrew implement as its primary functional component.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Tools001003001001017
- אֵת in this sense names a plowshare or mattock, an actual agricultural tool, as the Philistines charging Israel to sharpen "his plowshare, his mattock" (1 Samuel 13:20-21).
- Connection002003
- This entry carries no grammatical connective-particle sense of its own; every one of its five tagged occurrences (1 Samuel 13:20-21; Isaiah 2:4; Joel 3:10, tagged at the Hebrew-numbered chapter 4; Micah 4:3) is the agricultural tool, as in "they will beat their swords into plowshares" (Isaiah 2:4; Micah 4:3) and its reversal, "beat your plowshares into swords" (Joel 3:10). The connective-particle sense belongs to the homographic forms אֵת (ʼêth, H853)-854 (see those entries).
- Identifiers004003
- This entry's own tagged occurrences are the plural construct noun for plowshares or mattocks, not a grammatical identifier: “So all Israel went down to the Philistines, each to sharpen his plowshare, his mattock, his axe, and his sickle” (1 Samuel 13:20). This “Identifiers” domain is bundle-shared with the direct-object-marker particles אֵת (ʼêth, H853) and אֵת (ʼêth, H854) rather than independently attested here.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H855. eth III. אֵת see אתת. אַתְּי אַתְּ, אַתָּה, see below אנת. III. [אֵת] noun…
III. אֵת see אתת.
אַתְּי אַתְּ, אַתָּה, see below אנת.
III. [אֵת] noun [masculine] a cutting instrument of iron usually transl. ploughshare — singular suffix אֵתוֺ 1Sa 13:20; plural אֵתִים 1Sa 13:21, אִתִּים Isa 2:4 = Mic 4:3; suffix אִתֵּיכֶם Joel 4:10; according to Klo and others also 2Ki 6:5 אֶתהַֿבַּרְזֶל, i.e. the axe of iron.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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