Word

שְׁנָא

shᵉnâʼ · H8133 · Aramaic · 21 occurrences

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Meanings

to be different, to change, to be affected

Process by which an object takes on different characteristics

Examples
Daniel 3:27 The satraps, the prefects, the governors, and the king’s counselors gathered together and saw that the fire had no effect on the bodies of these men, nor was the hair of their heads singed, nor were their trousers damaged, nor had even the smell of fire touched them.
Daniel 7:3 “And four great beasts were coming up from the sea, different from one another.
Daniel 7:7 “After this I kept looking in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and extremely strong; and it had large iron teeth. It devoured and crushed, and trampled down the remainder with its feet; and it was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.
to be changed, to be different

Process by which a condition takes on different characteristics

Examples
Daniel 2:9 that if you do not make the dream known to me, there is only one decree for you. For you have agreed together to speak lying and corrupt words before me until the situation is changed; therefore tell me the dream, so that I may know that you can declare to me its interpretation.”
Daniel 6:17 And a stone was brought and placed over the mouth of the den; and the king sealed it with his own signet ring and with the signet rings of his nobles, so that nothing would be changed regarding Daniel.
Daniel 7:23 “This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast will be a fourth kingdom on the earth which will be different from all the other kingdoms, and will devour the whole earth and trample it down and crush it.
Causative process or action by which humans or deities cause a condition to take on different characteristics (to change (something), to alter)

Examples
Ezra 6:11 “And I issued a decree that any person who violates this decree, a timber shall be pulled out of his house and he shall be impaled on it; and his house shall be turned into a refuse heap on account of this.
Ezra 6:12 “May the God who has caused His name to dwell there overthrow any king or people who attempts to change it, so as to destroy that house of God in Jerusalem. I, Darius, have issued this decree; it is to be carried out with all diligence!”
Daniel 2:21 “It is He who changes the times and the periods; He removes kings and appoints kings; He gives wisdom to wise men, And knowledge to people of understanding.
Literally: the image of (someone's) face changes; hence: process by which the expression of someone's face is changed ((one's) expression is changed, (one's) face is distorted)

Examples
Daniel 3:19 Then Nebuchadnezzar was filled with wrath, and his facial expression was changed toward Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego. He answered by giving orders to heat the furnace seven times more than it was usually heated.
to turn pale

Literally: (one's) complexion changes; hence: process by which one's complexion changes as a result of blood leaving the face

Examples
Daniel 5:6 Then the king’s face became pale and his thoughts alarmed him, and his hip joints loosened and his knees began knocking together.
Daniel 5:9 Then King Belshazzar was greatly alarmed, his face grew even more pale, and his nobles were perplexed.
Daniel 5:10 The queen entered the banquet hall because of the words of the king and his nobles; the queen began to speak and said, “O king, live forever! Do not let your thoughts alarm you or your face be pale.

How it’s used In 6 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Who or what does itSubject

20 occurrences in 12 groups

זִיוface, countenance 4
Not stated (infinitive) 4
Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12

What it acts on, or what is saidObject

4 occurrences in 5 groups

זְמָןseason 2
דָּתdecree 1
מִלָּהcommandment 1
עִדָּןtime 1
פִּתְגָּםanswer 1

With prepositionsPrepositional phrases

8 occurrences in 8 groups

מִןfrom+ חֵיוָאbeast 1
מִןfrom+ מַלְכוּkingdom, reign 1
מִןfrom+ אֱנָשׁhuman 1
מִןfrom+ קַדְמַיfirst 1
עַלon, upon, over, against+ שַׁדְרַךְShadrach 1
עַלon, upon, over, against+ נִיme 1

With adverbsAdverbs

3 occurrences in 2 groups

לָאnot 2
אַלnot 1

What is said to be itIt is the predicate

1 occurrences in 1 groups

דָּתdecree 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

2 occurrences in 1 groups

לto/for 2

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Near synonyms 2 words

חָלַף châlaph · H2498 · to come up, to be renewed, to pass through: Both words are verbs of alteration and change. חָלַף (châlaph, H2498) has a broader range (including motion, passing and renewal), while שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ, H8133), an Aramaic word, is more focused on alteration, change and diversity; they overlap in the sense "change, alter", despite one being Hebrew and the other Aramaic.
הָפַךְ hâphak · H2015 · to turn, to turn around, to turn back: הָפַךְ (hâphak, H2015) is a high-frequency Hebrew word with a broad range of "turn/overturn" senses; שְׁנָא (shᵉnâʼ, H8133) is a low-frequency Aramaic word focused specifically on "alter/change/diverse." They represent genuine semantic overlap in the change/alter sense, constituting real near-synonymy despite the language difference (Hebrew vs. Aramaic).

Semantic domains 8 entries

Different002001001019: Daniel 7:3 recounts that "four great beasts were coming up from the sea, different from one another."
Change002001003002: Daniel 2:21 recounts that "It is He who changes the times and the periods; He removes kings and appoints kings."
Foolish002001002010: This Foolish code is inherited from the shared listing with שָׁנָה (shânâh, H8138) (שָׁנָה, 'to act insane; to feign madness'); it does not independently apply to this word's own attested 'changed/different' sense.
Dress002003001007: This Dress code is likewise inherited from the shared listing with שָׁנָה (shânâh, H8138) and does not independently apply to the 'changed/different' sense.
Frequency002001003009: This Frequency code is likewise inherited from the shared listing with שָׁנָה (shânâh, H8138) and does not independently apply to the 'changed/different' sense.
Non-Know002004002008: This Non-Know code is likewise inherited from the shared listing with שָׁנָה (shânâh, H8138) and does not independently apply to the 'changed/different' sense.
Respect002001002024: This Respect code is likewise inherited from the shared listing with שָׁנָה (shânâh, H8138) and does not independently apply to the 'changed/different' sense.
Shape002001001052: Daniel 3:19 recounts that Nebuchadnezzar's "facial expression was changed toward Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego."

Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

שָׁנָא shânâʼ · H8132 · to change · 3×שְׁנָאshᵉnâʼ · H8133שִׁנְאָן shinʼân · H8136 · thousands upon thousands · 1×

Topical studies with this word 7 entries

Different4 occurrences Facial Expressions5 occurrences Foolish0 occurrences Respect0 occurrences Change12 occurrences Dress0 occurrences Non-Know0 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0