שָׁמַיִם

H8064. shamayim
[שָׁמַי] noun masculineDeu 33:28 only plural שָׁמַ֫יִם421 (Sta§324 a) heavens, sky (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian šamû plural šamê, šamûtu, also šamâmu, compare Phoenician שמם; Sabean סמה HomChr 46, 124; Arabic Ethiopic Aramaic שְׁמַיָּא ; Palmyrene, Nabataean שמ(י)ן in proper name (compounded with בעל) Lzb153 GACooke45; on plural form see BaZMG xiii (1888), 341 f.); — absolute ׳שׁ Gen 1:1 +, מָ֑יִם- Gen 2:4 +; הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Exo 9:8 +; construct שְׁמֵי Deu 10:14 Deu 10:9t.; suffix שָׁמֶיךָ Psa 8:4 Psa 8:2t., שָׁמָיו Deu 33:28, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19, with verb plural, Hos 2:23; —
1. a. visible heavens, sky, where stars, etc., are Jdg 5:20; Gen 15:5 (J), Deu 4:19; Gen 1:14-15, Gen 1:17 (P), hence הַשּׁ ׳כּוֺכְבֵי Gen 22:17 (JE) = 9 t. (usually as countless), הַשּׁ צְבָא ׳(כָּלֿ) Deu 4:19; Jer 8:2 + ( ׳צ
1c; rarely of angels, ׳צ
1b; before which fowl fly Gen 1:20 (P), compare Deu 4:17; Jer 8:7; Pro 30:19, הַשּׁ ׳עוֺף Gen 2:19 (J), Gen 1:19 (P) + (עוֺף 1), שׁ ׳צִמֹּר Psa 8:9, שׁ ׳נִשְׁרֵי Lam 4:19; as רָקִיע (q. v.) Gen 1:8 (P), Psa 19:2, with waters beneath and above Gen 1:9 (P, compare Gen 1:7), Psa 148:4, darkened with clouds 1Ki 18:45, cleared by wind Job 26:13; whence comes rain Gen 8:2 (J), Jdg 5:4; Deu 11:11 +, and dew Gen 27:28 (J), Gen 27:39 (E), Deu 33:28 (poem) +. compare שׁ ׳בִּרְכֹת Gen 49:25 (poem in J), שׁ ׳מֶגֶר Deu 33:13 (poem), but also (destructive) fire 2Ki 1:10 (twice in verse); Job 1:16 + (see also 2a below); ׳הֹבְרֵישׁ Isa 47:13, i.e. astrologers, compare ׳אוֺתוֺתהַשּׁ Jer 10:2; as high Gen 11:4 (J), Amos (:2(opposed to שְׁאוֺל), Gen 11:6 (opposed to אֶרֶץ) +, הַשּׁ ׳עַדלֵֿב Deu 4:11;as over all the earth, (כָּלֿ)הַשּׁ ׳תַּחַת Gen 6:17; Gen 7:19 (both P), Deu 2:25; Ecc 1:13 וגו ׳מִתַּחַת (of extermination) Exo 17:14 (E), Deu 7:24; Deu 9:14 +; specifically of Israel, שָׁמֶיךָ Deu 28:23, שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19 (H); הַשּׁ ׳בֵּין הָאָרֶץ וּבֵין 2Sa 18:9 (hung from tree), 1Ch 21:16 (of angel), compare Eze 8:3 (Ezekiel in vision), Zec 5:9 (flying ephah); ׳הַשּׁ הַשּׁ ׳מִקְּצֵה וְעַדקְֿצֵה of limits of horizon Deu 4:32, compare Deu 30:4; Neh 1:9; Psa 19:7 as made by God Jer 51:15 (opposed to תֵּבֵל), Psa 8:4 +? Deu 11:21; Job 14:12; Psa 89:30; especially׳(הַ)שּׁ וְ(הָ)אָרֶץ = universe (compare in Sabean, SabDenkmNo.41.42, l.3) Deu 3:24 Gen 1:1 (P) + (especially Deuteronomy, Isa2, Psalms), + הַיָם Exo 20:11; Hag 2:6, etc., + לָאָרֶץ מִתַּחַת מַיִם Exo 20:4= Deu 5:8,.compare Pro 30:4, etc.; opposed to תְּהוֺם Pro 8:27 (+ אֶרֶץ Pro 8:29) ׳שׁ חֲרָשָׁה וְהָאָרֶץ חֲרָשִׁים as part of future glory Isa 65:17; Isa 66:22.
b. phrases are: הַשּׁ ׳אֲרֻבּוֺת (letting rain through) Gen 7:11; Gen 8:2 (P), Mal 3:10 (figurative), compare י ׳הֲיַעֲשֶׂה ׳א ׳בַּשּׁ 2Ki 7:2, 2Ki 7:19, so שׁ ׳דַּלְתֵי Psa 78:23 (for manna), compare שׁ ׳דְָּגַן, Psa 78:24, שׁ ׳לֶחֶם Psa 105:40; הַשּׁ ׳מוֺסְדוֺת 2Sa 22:8 (|| הָאָרֶץ; in || Psa 18:8 ׳מ חָרִים), שׁ ׳עַמּוּרֵי Job 26:11, שׁ ׳חוּג Job 22:14; towards the sky is הַשָּׁמַ֫יְמָה Jos 8:20(J), Exo 9:8, Exo 9:10 (P), Job 2:12; Jdg 13:20; Jdg 20:40; 2Ch 6:13; עַלהַֿשָּׁמַיִם Exo 9:22-23, Exo 10:21-22,(all E), ׳אֶלשֿׁ Deu 32:40 (poem), Dan 12:7, ׳שׁ alone 1Ki 8:22, 1Ki 8:54; Job 35:5; Pro 23:5.
2. a. as abode of God (׳י) 1Ki 8:30, 1Ki 8:32 +? Psa 2:3; Isa 66:1, etc., compare ׳רֹכֵבשׁ Deu 33:26(poem), Psa 68:34, whence he rains brimstone Gen 19:24 (J), bread Exo 16:4 (E), compare Neh 9:15, casts hailstones Jos 11:11 (E), talks with Israel Exo 20:22 (E; Gi Exo 20:19) +, compare Gen 21:17; Gen 22:11, Gen 22:15 (E), looks down Deu 26:15 +, hears his people Psa 20:7+ 10 t. Chronicles, etc.; he thunders ׳בַּשּׁ 1Sa 2:10; Psa 18:14,|| ׳מִןשֿׁ 2Sa 22:14; he bends (נטה) ׳שׁ to come down 2Sa 22:10= Psa 18:10, compare Psa 144:5 and (rend) Isa 63:19; הַשּׁ ׳נִמְּתְּחוּ Eze 1:1 in vision of God, compare הַשּׁ ׳שַׁעַר Gen 28:17 (E; + אֱלֹהִים בֵּית); though even הַשּׁ ׳שְׁמֵי the highest heuvens cannot hold him Deu 10:14; 1Ki 8:27; 2Ch 6:18, 2Ch 2:5; Neh 9:6; Psa 148:4, שְׁמֵיקֶֿדֶם שְׁמֵי Psa 68:34; he is called הַשּׁ ׳אֱלֹהֵי (post-exilic title) Ezr 1:2 2Ch 36:23; + 11 t. Ezra Nehemiah; Jon 1:9 (compare Aramaic, Dan 2:18-19, Dan 2:37, Dan 2:44; in Gen 24:7 add with הָאָרֶץ וֵאלֹהֵי ᵐ5, as Gen 24:3), ׳אֵלהַֿשׁ Psa 136:26; his sword is ׳בַּשׁ Isa 34:5, but also his חֶסֶד Psa 36:6, צֶדֶק Psa 85:12, אֱמוּנָח Psa 89:3, his word fixed Psa 119:89. — ׳שׁ are שָׁמָיו (of Israel) Deu 33:28 (poem), שְׁמֵיכֶם Lev 26:19; שָׁמֶיךָ Psa 8:4; Psa 144:5, י ׳שְׁמֵי Lam 3:66, ׳שׁ קָדְשׁוֺ Psa 20:7.
b. Elijah taken up ׳הַשּׁ in whirlwind 2Ki 2:1, compare 2Ki 2:11.
3 ׳הַשּׁ personified in various relations Isa 1:2; Jer 2:12; Job 15:15; Psa 19:2; Psa 50:6 = Psa 97:6; Psa 89:6; Psa 148:4.
4 ׳הַשּׁ מְלֶכֶת see ׳מ p. 573.
I, II. שַׁמָּה see שׁמם. שָׂ֫מָּה see שָׁם.
[שְׁמַ֫יִן] noun masculine plural heavens (Biblical Hebrew [שָׁמַי], שָׁמַיִם, √ שׁמה); — always emphatic שְׁמַיָּא:
1 visible sky Jer 10:11; Dan 4:8; Dan 4:10; Dan 4:17; Dan 4:19; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:27; Dan 4:28; שׁ ׳עוֺף Dan 2:38; שׁ ׳צִמֲּרֵי Dan 4:9; Dan 4:18; שׁ ׳טַל Dan 4:12; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:30; Dan 5:21; שׁ ׳רוּחֵי Dan 7:2 winds of the sky; שׁ ׳עֲנָנֵי Dan 7:13; heavens + earth = universe Jer 10:11, where God shews signs Dan 6:28.
2heavens as abode of God Dan 2:28; Dan 4:31, hence, figurative, as ruling Dan 4:23 (׳שׁ sometimes = God in Late Hebrew, J, Aramaic, DWorte Jesu 179; Eng.Tr.218 f.); as abode of angels Dan 4:32 (Dr); elsewhere in phrase שׁ ׳אֱלָהּ Dan 2:18-19, Dan 2:37, Dan 2:44; Ezr 5:11; Ezr 5:12; Ezr 6:9; Ezr 6:10; Ezr 7:12; Ezr 7:21; Ezr 7:23 (twice in verse), שׁ ׳מֶלֶךְ Dan 4:34, שׁ ׳מָרֵא Dan 5:23.