שָׁאַל

H7592. shaal
שָׁאַל verb ask, inquire (Late Hebrew id.; Assyrian ša°âlu, Arabic , Ethiopic Sabean מסאל request petition, HomChrest.124 Levy-OsZMG xix(1865), 165; Aramaic , שְׁאֵיל; Old Aramaic Zinjirli שאל Ldzb371, Nabataean Hiph`il lend Idib.; — on ׳שׁ compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 82 ff.); —
Qal Perfect3masculine singular׳שׁ Jdg 5:25 +, שָׁאָ֑ל Jdg 8:26 Jdg 8:2t.; consecutive לוֺ וְשָׁ֫אַל Num 27:21; suffix וּשְׁאֵלְךָ consecutive Gen 32:18 (Ges§ 64f), וּשְׁאֵלֵךְ consecutive Jdg 4:20; Jdg 4:1singular suffix שְׁאִלְתִּיו 1Sa 1:20, שְׁאִלְתִּיהוּ Jdg 13:16; Jdg 13:3plural suffix שְׁאֵלוּנוּ Psa 137:3; Psa 137:2masculine plural שְׁאֶלְתֶּם 1Sa 12:13 (strike out ᵐ5 Th We Dr and most), Job 21:29, וּשְׁאֶלָתֶּםֿ consecutive 1Sa 25:5, etc.; Imperfect3masculine singular יִשְׁאַל Exo 22:13 + ,etc.; Imperative שְׁאַל Isa 7:11 +, שְׁאָלוּנִי Isa 45:11 ( < תִּשְׁאְֵלוּנִי Weir Che and others), etc.; Infinitive absolute שָׁאוֺל Gen 43:7 +; construct לִשְׁאֹל Jdg 1:14 +, etc.; Participle active שֹׁאֵל 2Sa 3:13 +, feminine singular שֹׁאֶלֶת 1Ki 2:20, 1Ki 2:22, masculine plural הַשֹּׁאֲלִים 1Sa 8:10; passive שָׁאוּל 1Sa 1:28; 2Ki 6:5; —
1. a. ask, ask for, accusative of thing (or person) Jdg 5:25; Jdg 8:26; 1Ki 3:10; Psa 122:6 (= pray for) +; ׳שׁ לָמוּת אֶתנַֿפְשׁוֺ 1Ki 19:4; Jon 4:8, i. e. pray for death, but Job 31:30 demand the life of another בְּאָלָה by a curse; with ל person 1Ki 2:22 (twice in verse) + (ל person reflexive) 1Sa 12:17, 1Sa 12:19 +; with מִן person Jdg 8:24 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb), Ezr 8:22; Zec 10:1+; followed by infinitive 1Ki 3:11; followed by clause ׳שׁ אֶתֶּןלָֽֿךְ׃ מָה 1Ki 3:5 2Ch 1:7, compare 2Ki 2:9; with accusative + מֵאֵת person 1Sa 8:10; Psa 27:4(from ׳י) +; + מֵעִם person Isa 7:11 (from ׳י) +; with accusative of person (from whom) + of thing Psa 137:3; accusative omitted Isa 7:12; 1Sa 12:20; 1Ki 2:20, with מִן person Psa 2:8; absolute Mic 7:3; Psa 105:40 (of prayer); לִשְׁאוֺל הִקְשִׁיתָ 2Ki 2:10, i.e. thou hast asked for a difficult thing. — 1Sa 2:20 see
Hiph`il b. specifically ask as a favour, for temporary use, i.e. borrow (compare לָוָה, as matter of business, see Bu1Sa 1:28), Exo 22:13 (E; accusative of thing + מֵעִם person), 2Ki 4:3 (accusative of thing + מִן of source + ל person reflexive), 2Ki 6:5 (passive participle absolute); so also (according to many), with accusative of thing Exo 3:22( + מִן person), Exo 11:2; Exo 12:35 (both + מֵאֵת person; all E), — it is, however, not clear that there was any pretext of mere temporary use; passive participle לי ׳שָׁאוּל 1Sa 1:28 (lent, granted,) made over to ׳י (in effect passive of Hiph`il, q. v.).
c. in weakened sense, seek, desire (late), with accusative 2Ch 11:23; Ecc 2:10 (subject עֵינַי); Pro 20:4 in harvest he shall look [for a crop], וָאָ֑יִן and there shall be none.
2. a. inquire of, with accusative of person + לֵאמֹר before inquiry Gen 32:18 (E), Gen 44:19 (J) +; with וְאָמַר Jdg 4:20, וַיּאִמֶר, etc., Gen 24:47(J), Jer 37:13; followed by וְאָמַר without accusative of person Gen 32:30 (J), compare 1Sa 19:22, followed by לֵאמֹר Jos 4:6 (JE); with accusative of person + עַל of thing Neh 1:2; עַל of thing alone, Ecc 7:10 ( + מֵחָכְמָה, i. e. prompted by wisdom); with accusative of person + of thing (about which) 2Sa 14:18; Isa 45:11 Isa 45:4t.; accusative of person + indirect question Jdg 13:6; with accusative of person only, Jdg 8:14; 1Sa 25:8; Deu 32:7 +, inquire of beasts (accusative) Job 12:7; with accusative of thing only, Jer 50:5; with ל person = accusative 2Ki 8:6 (KöSynt. § 289 h); with ל of thing about which Gen 26:7 (J), Gen 32:30 (J), Jdg 13:18; 2Sa 11:7; Jer 6:16; Job 8:8, also ( + לאמר before the inquiry) Gen 43:7 (J), and (followed by direct question) Deu 4:32; with ל person about whom, Gen 43:27 (J), compare phrase of greeting, ׳שׁ לְשָׁלוֺם לְרֵעֵהוּ אִישׁ Exo 18:7 (E) ask each for (or about) his fellow as to welfare, compare Jdg 18:15; 1Sa 10:4; 1Sa 17:22; 1Sa 25:5; 1Sa 30:21 [read ᵑ6 ᵐ5 לוֺ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ We Dr HPS Bu] 2Sa 8:10; Jer 15:5; 1Ch 18:10; followed by direct question only, 1Sa 17:56; Jer 18:13 (with ב location), followed by indirect question only (c.אִם) Jer 30:6; ׳פ ׳שׁ אֶתמִּֿי Gen 24:57(J); absolute make inquiry Deu 13:15 ( + חָקַר דָּרַשׁ,).
b. inquire of, consult, deity, oracle, etc. (JastrJBL xix (1900) 88 ff.), followed by accusative י ׳מִּי Jos 9:14 (JE), Isa 30:2 ׳י Isa 65:1 (|| בִּקֵּשׁ); elsewhere in Hexateuch only (accusative omitted), Num 27:21 (P; with ל person for whom, + ב instrumental), compare Jos 19:50; also ׳שׁ אוֺב Deu 18:11 (participle as substantive; JägerBAS ii. 292 compare Assyrian maššaku ša šâ°ili, i. e. skin-vessel of the oracle-seeker, compare JastrJBL xix (1900), 96 ff.); with accusative of human agent 1Sa 28:16; Jer 38:14, Jer 38:27; usually (ancient usage, chiefly Judges, Samuel) ׳שׁ ׳בי לֵאמֹר (בְּ perhaps originally local, so GFM, or instrumental), Jdg 1:1; Jdg 20:23; 1Sa 23:2; 1Sa 30:8; 2Sa 2:1; 2Sa 5:19 = 1Ch 14:10; לֵאמֹר omitted 1Sa 10:22 (followed by direct question), 1Sa 22:10 (ל person for whom), 1Sa 23:4; 1Sa 28:6; 2Sa 5:23 = 1Ch 14:14; Jdg 20:27; ׳שׁ בֵּאלֹהִים Jdg 18:5; Jdg 20:18; 1Sa 14:37; (followed by direct question), also (ל person for whom), 1Sa 22:13, 1Sa 22:15; הָא ׳בִּדְבַר ׳שׁ 2Sa 16:23; likewise ׳שׁ בְּעֵצוֺ Hos 4:12 (i.e. his idol), בַּתְּרָפִים Eze 21:26, בָּאוֺב 1Ch 10:13; perhaps = receive as oracle Deu 18:16 (י ׳מֵעִם, Jastrl.c.
Niph`al ask for oneself (Ges§ 51e), specifically ask leave of absence, with מִן person: Perfect3masculine singular + Infinitive absolute נִשְׁאַל נִשְׁאֹל 1Sa 20:6 (followed by infinitive), 1Sa 20:28 (followed by עַד; ? insert ל infinitive HPS); Perfect1singular מִןהַֿמֶּלֶךְ נִשְׁאַלְתִּי Neh 13:6 (absolute).
Pi`el 1. inquire carefully: Imperfect3masculine plural +
Qal Infinitive absolute יְשָֽׁאֲלוּ שָׁאוֺל 2Sa 20:18 (Bu proposes
Qal Imperfect יִשְׁאֲלוּ), with ב location; on following context see We Dr HPS Bu.
2 beg, practise beggary, ,Perfect3plural וְשִׁאֵ֑לוּ (consecutive) Psa 109:10.
Hiph`il (properly let one ask [successfully], give, or lend, on request, then) grant, make over to (as a favour, with or without request): Perfect1singular suffix ׳לי הִשְׁאִלְתִּהוּ 1Sa 1:28 I have made him over to ׳י (compare Dr HPS Bu and
Qal Passive participle, ib.); perhaps also read 3 feminine singular לי ׳הִשְׁאִילָה 1Sa 2:20 (whom) she hath made over to ׳י (for לי ׳שָׁאַל) Bu HPS (after ᵐ5. in part; other conjectures in Dr); Imperfect3masculine plural suffix of thing וַיַּשְׁאִלוּם Exo 12:36 (E) and they handed them over.
שְׁאֵל verb ask (see Biblical Hebrew); —
Pe`al Perfect3masculine singular ׳שׁ Dan 2:10; plural שְׁאֵ֫לְנָא Ezr 5:9-10, Imperfect3masculine singular suffix יִשְׁאֲלֶנְכוֺ Ezr 7:21; Participle active שָׁאֵל Dan 2:11, Dan 2:27; —
1 ask for, request, accusative of thing Dan 2:10 (ל person), Dan 2:11; Dan 2:27; Ezr 7:21 (suffix person).
2 inquire about, for, accusative of thing Ezr 5:9 (ל person); followed by oratio recta [direct speech] Ezr 5:10 (id.).