שְׁאוֹל

H7585. sheol
שְׁאָ֫לָה Isa 7:11 see שְׁאוֺל 1 below
שְׁאֹל שְׁאוֺל, noun femininePsa 86:13 (apparently masculine Job 26:6 compare Isa 14:9, see AlbrZAW xvi(1896), 51) She®°ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל, i.e. palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) JastrAmos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremLebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.; ׳שׁ then = hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see HupPs. 66 DeIsa 5:14 BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe,1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac ; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dlpa 121, Prol.47. 145 JastrAmos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bibs.v.; opposed to by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol.223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-ArnJBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל Deu 32:22 Deu 32:52t.,הָ֯ Gen 42:38; Psa 9:18; שְׁאֹל 1Ki 2:6; Job 17:16, הָ֯ Gen 37:35 Gen 37:7t.; + Isa 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —
1 the underworld, ׳שׁ תַּחְתִּית Deu 32:22, מִתַּחַת Isa 14:9; ׳מִשּׁ מִ֑טָּה Pro 15:24; || מָוֶת Pro 5:5; Pro 7:27; Son 8:6; Psa 89:49; whither men descend at death, Gen 37:35 (E), Gen 42:38; Gen 44:29, Gen 44:31 (J), 1Sa 2:6; 1Ki 2:6, 1Ki 2:9; Job 7:9; Job 21:13; Isa 14:11, Isa 14:15; Psa 88:4, and Korah and associates go down alive by ׳יs judgment, Num 16:30, Num 16:33 (J), compare Psa 55:16; under mountains and sea Job 26:6 (compare Job 26:5), שׁ ׳בֶּטֶן Jon 2:3 (compare Jon 2:7); with bars Job 17:16 (si vera 1.: see ᵐ5 Du); שׁ ׳מִּי Psa 141:7; שׁ ׳שַׁעֲרֵי Isa 38:10; personified Isa 28:15, Isa 28:18 (|| מות). as insatiable monster Isa 5:14; Hab 2:5; Pro 1:12; Pro 27:20; Pro 30:16; as said (figurative) to have snares, שׁ ׳חֶבְלֵי Psa 18:6 = 2Sa 22:6 compare שׁ ׳מְצָרֵי Psa 116:3; opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם Amo 9:2; Job 11:8; Psa 139:8 + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה) Isa 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return Job 17:13 (compare Job 17:16; Job 7:9; Job 10:21; Job 16:22; all being alike Job 3:17-19; Job 21:23-26 ); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to Ecc 9:5-6, Ecc 9:10 (compare Job 14:21, and see רְפָאִים below רפה; yet compare Isa 14:9f.).
2 condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in ׳שׁ (later than 1 Samuel 28, especially inWisdom Literature):
a. wicked לִשְׁא֑וֺלָה יָשׁוּבוּ Psa 9:18, לִשׁ ׳יִדְּמוּ Psa 31:18; death is their shepherd, without power and honour they waste away Psa 49:15 (twice in verse); ׳שׁ consumes them as drought water Job 24:19; righteous dread it because no praise or presence of God there (as in temple) Psa 6:6 (compare Psa 88:5), Isa 38:18; deliverance from it a blessing Psa 30:4; Psa 86:13; Pro 23:14. In Ezek. ׳שׁ is land below, place of reproach, abode of uncircumcised Eze 31:15-16, Eze 31:17; Eze 32:21, Eze 32:27
b. righteous shall not be aban-doned, ׳לשׁ Eze 16:10 (|| שַׁחַת q. v.; opposed to חַיִּים אִרַח etc., Eze 16:11, compare Eze 17:15), is ransomed from ׳שׁ Ezek 49:16 (compare Ezek 73:23; Ezek 73:25; Isa 57:1-2,); compare Job's expectation and desire Job 14:13; Job 17:13 (compare Job 10:21; Job 19:25f.).
3 later distinction of places in ׳שׁ:
a. depths of ׳שׁ for sensualist Pro 9:18.
b. ׳שׁ וַאֲבַדּוֺן Pro 25:11, see אֲבַדּוֺן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֺר, q. v., when || ׳שׁ, are usually in bad sense(Psa 88:4); probably = pit in ׳שׁ, > ׳שׁ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
4 ׳שׁ figurative of extreme degradation in sin Isa 57:9; as place of exile for Israel Hos 13:14 (twice in verse) (compare Isa 26:19).