רִיב
rîyb · H7379 · Hebrew · 61 occurrences
Meanings
-
State of opposition or hostility between two or more persons, perhaps even involving a deity (dispute, quarrel, strife, argument, (law)suit, case, indictment)
ExamplesGenesis 13:7 And there was strife between the herdsmen of Abram’s livestock and the herdsmen of Lot’s livestock. Now the Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time.
Exodus 17:7 Then he named the place Massah and Meribah because of the quarrel of the sons of Israel, and because they tested the LORD, saying, “Is the LORD among us, or not?”
Exodus 23:2 “You shall not follow the crowd in doing evil, nor shall you testify in a dispute so as to join together with a crowd in order to pervert justice;
-
enemy, adversary, accuser
Literally: person of contention; therefore someone who is in contention with or opposes a person or deity, usually involving a legal or ethical dispute
ExamplesJob 31:35 “Oh that I had one to hear me! Here is my signature; Let the Almighty answer me! And the indictment which my adversary has written,
How it’s used In 11 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- Not stated: you (one person) 1
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רִיבto contend, to quarrel, to plead 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אֵתwith+ רֵעַneighbor, friend 1
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
31 occurrences in 15 groups
- יmy 8
- הוּhis 4
- הֶםtheir 4
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 1
What it doesIt is the subject
7 occurrences in 2 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 6
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 1
What is done to itIt is the object
22 occurrences in 11 groups
- רִיבto contend, to quarrel, to plead 11
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (11) 11
What it is said to bePredicate
6 occurrences in 3 groups
- יְהֹוָהthe LORD, YHWH 4
- נִיme 1
- הֶםthem 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- שָׁנֶהyear 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
18 occurrences in 4 groups
- בin/on/with 10
- מִןfrom 7
- עַלon, upon, over, against 7
- לto/for 5
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
6 occurrences in 3 groups
- אִישׁman, person, each 4
- דָּבָרword, thing, matter 1
- זֶבַחsacrifice 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- מָדוֹן mâdôwn · H4066 · strife, contention, quarrel
- Both words denote conflict or dispute, overlapping in the sense of "strife, contention, quarrel."
- דִּין dîyn · H1779 · judgment, justice, case
- Both lexemes share genuine legal-dispute semantics (cause, plea, strife, contention) suggesting real near-synonymy in contexts of legal dispute or conflict.
- מַצָּה matstsâh · H4683 · unleavened bread, fighting, quarrel
- Both words denote conflict and strife, overlapping in the sense of contention. מַצָּה (matstsâh, H4683) is very rare, occurring only three times, and also has the sense of unleavened bread.
In the other Testament 2 words
- κρίσις krísis · G2920 · making a legal decision, arriving at a verdict, judgment
- Greek κρίσις renders Hebrew רִיב in contexts where the contention/strife sense shifts toward formal judgment or legal decision, capturing the judicial-process dimension of the controversy rather than the interpersonal quarrel sense.
- ἀντιλογία antilogía · G485 · dispute, contradictory statements, contradiction
- Greek ἀντιλογία is the Septuagint rendering of Hebrew רִיב in contexts of legal dispute and contentious argument, capturing the confrontational aspect of the Hebrew term's semantic range.
Semantic domains 3 entries
- Conflict002003002006
- Genesis 13:7 describes "strife" between the herdsmen of Abram and Lot, and Exodus 17:7 names the place Massah and Meribah for "the quarrel of the sons of Israel," directly attesting the sense of dispute or strife.
- Enemies001001003002
- The disputes this noun names can escalate toward settled hostility between parties, though the sampled citations (Genesis 13:7, Exodus 17:7) attest strife rather than enmity specifically.
- Speak002004001009008
- Exodus 23:2-3, 6 use this word of a legal "dispute" or "lawsuit" in which testimony is given, attesting the sense of a formally argued case or claim.
Word family 5 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H7379. rib רִיב62 noun masculineIsa 1:23 strife, dispute; — absolute ׳ר Gen 13:7 +, רִב…
רִיב62 noun masculineIsa 1:23 strife, dispute; — absolute ׳ר Gen 13:7 +, רִב Exo 23:2 +; construct רִיב Exo 17:7 +; suffix רִיבִי 1Sa 24:16 +, בְּרִבָם Job 31:13 (or infinitive?), etc.; plural רִיבֹת Deu 17:8; construct רִיבֵי 2Sa 22:44 2Sa 22:2t., רִבוֺת Job 13:6; — strife, quarrel:
1 in words, Exo 17:7 (J), Deu 1:12, about pasturage Gen 13:7 (J; = מְרִיבָה Gen 13:8), in General Pro 15:18; Pro 17:14; Pro 20:3; Pro 26:17, Pro 26:21; Pro 30:33, + מָדוֺן Hab 1:3, so ׳זִבְחֵירֿ Pro 17:1; figurative ׳ר עֲצָמָיו Job 33:19 Kt (Qr רוב, i.e. רֹב q. v. ); ׳ר לְשֹׁנוֺת Psa 31:21, compare Isa 58:4; Pro 18:6; ר ׳אִישׁ Jer 15:10 (+ ׳א מָדוֺן). 2. of public hostilities 2Sa 22:44 = Psa 18:44, compare רִיב אִישׁ Jdg 12:2, רִיבֶ֑ךָ אַנְשֵׁי Isa 41:11; || חָמָס Psa 55:10.
339 especially dispute, controversy, case at law: Exo 23:2-3, Exo 23:6 (E), Deu 21:5 (+נֶגַע), Deu 25:1; 2Sa 15:2, 2Sa 15:4 (|| מִשְׁפָט), + 10 t., + (of ׳י) Hos 4:1; Hos 12:3; Mic 6:2 (twice in verse); Jer 25:31; Eze 44:24; Lam 3:36; as accusative of congnate meaning with verb, case, cause Mic 7:9; Jer 50:34 Jer 50:8t. (see √
3), + חֶרְמָּתִי רִיב 1Sa 25:39, נַפְשִׁי רִיבֵי Lam 3:58; רִיבֹת דִּבְרֵי Deu 17:8 matters of controversy; ׳ר Deu 19:17 dispute as to guilt; דִיבִי אִישׁ Job 31:35 = accuser.
4 plea: Pro 18:17, שְׂפָתַי רִבוֺת Job 13:6 pleadings of my lips.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 3 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
New American Standard Bible Copyright © 1960, 1971, 1977, 1995, 2020 by The Lockman Foundation, La Habra, Calif. All rights reserved. For Permission to Quote Information visit http://www.lockman.org.