עָר
ʻâr · H6146 · Aramaic · 1 occurrence
Meanings
-
enemy, adversary
Possibly Israelite Hebrew and Aramaic; person that is one's opponent in daily life or in battle; associated with causing people anguish and distress
ExamplesDaniel 4:19 “Then Daniel, whose name is Belteshazzar, was appalled for a while as his thoughts alarmed him. The king responded and said, ‘Belteshazzar, do not let the dream or its interpretation alarm you.’ Belteshazzar replied, ‘My lord, if only the dream applied to those who hate you, and its interpretation to your adversaries!
How it’s used In 3 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- ךָyour 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- פְּשַׁרinterpretation 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לto/for 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 3 words
- אֹיֵב ʼôyêb · H341 · to be (someone's) enemy, enemy
- The most common and standard Hebrew term for 'enemy'; both אֹיֵב and עָר denote an adversary or hostile party, with אֹיֵב being far more frequent (over 280 occurrences) and the default lexeme for this semantic field.
- צַר tsar · H6862 · narrow, small
- Another common Hebrew term for enemy/adversary (over 100 occurrences); צַר often appears in parallel or synonymous contexts with אֹיֵב and shares the same semantic domain of hostile opponents.
- שָׂנֵא sânêʼ · H8130 · to hate, to reject, enemy
- Participle of the verb 'to hate' used substantively for 'enemy'; frequently appears in parallel with אֹיֵב and denotes one who bears hostility or enmity.
Contrasting words 2 words
- אָהַב ʼâhab · H157 · to love, friend, companion
- Participle of the verb 'to love' used substantively; אֹהֵב ('one who loves, friend') is the direct lexical opposite of terms for 'enemy' in Hebrew, representing affection rather than hostility.
- רֵעַ rêaʻ · H7453 · shouting, loud crying, thunder
- Standard Hebrew term for 'friend' or 'companion'; רֵעַ denotes a relationship of friendship or alliance, the lexical opposite of enmity or hostility.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἐχθρός echthrós · G2190 · being an enemy, in opposition to
- Standard Greek translation equivalent for Hebrew 'enemy' terms; ἐχθρός is the common LXX rendering for various Hebrew enemy-words including אֹיֵב (ʼôyêb, H341), and would be the natural Greek equivalent for עָר in its attested sense of 'enemy'.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Enemies001001003002
- Daniel 4:19 recounts Belteshazzar's reply, “my lord, if only the dream applied to those who hate you, and its interpretation to your adversaries!”
- Names of Locations003001010
- This Names of Locations code is inherited from the shared lemma-cluster grouping's place name “Ar”; this word's own occurrence describes adversaries who hate the king, never a place so named.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H6146. ar [עָר M77*] noun masculine foe (compare Jewish Aramaic עֲרָר objection: on…
[עָר M77*] noun masculine foe (compare Jewish Aramaic עֲרָר objection: on dubious Biblical Hebrew עָר); — plural suffix עריך Kt (K§ 53 Anm. b)), עָרָךְ Qr Dan 4:16.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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