עַל
ʻal · H5922 · Aramaic · 104 occurrences
Meanings
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On
ExamplesDaniel 2:10 The Chaldeans answered the king and said, “There is no person on earth who could declare the matter to the king, because no great king or ruler has ever asked anything like this of any soothsayer priest, sorcerer, or Chaldean.
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To
ExamplesEzra 4:17 Then the king sent a response to Rehum the commander, Shimshai the scribe, and to the rest of their colleagues who live in Samaria and in the rest of the provinces beyond the Euphrates River: “Peace. And now,
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Concerning, about
ExamplesDaniel 2:18 so that they might request compassion from the God of heaven concerning this secret, so that Daniel and his friends would not be killed with the rest of the wise men of Babylon.
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Against
ExamplesDaniel 3:29 Therefore I make a decree that any people, nation, or population of any language that speaks anything offensive against the God of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego shall be torn limb from limb and their houses made a rubbish heap, because there is no other god who is able to save in this way.
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Over, in authority over
ExamplesDaniel 2:48 Then the king promoted Daniel and gave him many great gifts, and he made him ruler over the entire province of Babylon, and chief prefect over all the wise men of Babylon.
How it’s used
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
In the other Testament 1 word
- ἐπί epí · G1909 · on, upon, at
- Both עַל (ʻal, H5922) (Aramaic עַל) and ἐπί (epí, G1909) are prepositions denoting spatial superimposition ("on, upon") and extended locational and relational senses including "concerning, against, for, in, to." Greek ἐπί likewise expresses superimposition of time, place and order, with nuances by case (genitive: over, upon; dative: at, on; accusative: onto, against), matching the range of the Aramaic preposition.
Word family 21 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5922. al עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew…
עַל preposition upon, over, on account of, above, to, against (Biblical Hebrew and General Aramaic id.); — suffix 1 singular עֲלַי; 2 masculine singular עליך Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, CookeNo. 77, A 5, 6, B 8, S-CPap. A 3, B 5 +), עֲלָךְ, Qr (עֲלַךְ ᵑ7, Dalm§ 47, 2) Dan 3:12 Dan 3:6t. Daniel; Ezr 7:18; Ezr 7:3masculine singular עֲלוֺהִי (so Nabataean, Palmyrene; Egyptian Aramaic עלוי S-CA 6 +) Dan 3:28 +, עֲלֹהִי Ezr 6:11; Ezr 6:3feminine singular עליה Kt (so Egyptian Aramaic, S-CD 24), עֲלַהּ Qr (so ᵑ7) Dan 4:14; Dan 5:21; Dan 5:1plural עֲלֵינָא Ezr 4:12, עֲלֵ֑ינָא Ezr 4:18; Ezr 5:17 Baer (Gi עֲלֶ֑ינָא); 3 masculine plural עֲלֵיהֹם (so Nabataean, CISii. 226; Egyptian Aramaic, S-CPap. F 5, 8+) Ezr 7:24, עֲלֵיהוֺן Ezr 5:1, Ezr 5:3; —
1. a. upon, Dan 2:10, Dan 2:28, Dan 2:46; Dan 5:5, Dan 5:7; Dan 6:11 + often, Dan 4:26 מַלְכוּתָא עַלהֵֿיכַל (2Sa 11:2); to be established מַלְכוּתִי עַל 2 Samuel 4:33 (compare 2Ch 1:1; Biblical Hebrew II. 1) to lay an impost upon, Ezr 7:24; to trust on, Dan 3:28; after a verb of motion, עַל מְטָא to come upon, Dan 4:21; Dan 4:25; of times, to pass over, Dan 4:13; Dan 4:20; Dan 4:22; Dan 4:29; Ezr 5:1 עֲלֵיהוֺן יִשְׂרָאֵל אֱלָהּ בְּשֻׁם i.e. (named) over them.
b. idiomatic (as in Biblical Hebrew; see
II. 1 d) of the person who is the subject of an emotion or experience, Dan 5:9 עֲלוֺהִי שָׁנַיִן וְזִיוֺתִי were changed upon him, Dan 7:28; Dan 6:19 עֲלוֺהִי נַדַּת וְשִׁנְּתֵהּ (compare Dan 2:1).
c. on accusative of (Biblical Hebrew 1f b), Dan 3:16 עַלדְּֿנָה מִּתְגָּם. So in עַלדְּֿנָה on this accusative Ezr 4:15, Ezr 4:22; Ezr 5:17, עַלמָֿה wherefore ? Dan 2:15; and דִּי דִּבְרַת עַל (see ׳דְּ).
d. on behalf of (ib.
1f c), Ezr 6:17.
e. regarding, concerning (ib.
1f g), Dan 2:18; Dan 5:14, Dan 5:29; Dan 6:6; Dan 6:13; Ezr 7:14 +?
2 over, with verbs of ruling, appointing, etc., Dan 2:48-49, Dan 3:12; Dan 4:14 +, Ezr 4:20; Ezr 6:18.
3 in a comparative sense, above, beyond, Dan 3:19; Dan 6:4.
4 expressing direction:
a. to, of a person, after a verb of motion (compare Biblical Hebrew
7c a a), Dan 2:24; Dan 4:31; Dan 4:33; Dan 6:7; Dan 6:16; Ezr 4:12, Ezr 4:23 + often; after to send (a letter, etc.) Ezr 4:11, Ezr 4:17, Ezr 4:18; Ezr 5:6 +, write Ezr 4:7, prophesy Ezr 5:1; of the direction of the mind (ib.
7c c), Dan 3:12; Dan 6:14 (twice in verse); Dan 6:15; compare Ezr 5:5 אֱל ׳וְעֵין עַל הֲוַת (compare Jer 40:4 and אֶל Psa 34:16).
b. against, Dan 3:19, Dan 3:29; Dan 5:23; Dan 6:5; Dan 6:6 +; Ezr 4:8; Ezr 7:23.
5 in such phrases as טְאֵב עַל, שְׁפַר (to be) good or acceptable to (as in Syriac and late Hebrew: see Biblical Hebrew 8), Ezr 5:17 טָב מַלְכָּא עַל אִם, Ezr 7:18 (twice in verse); Dan 4:24 (יִשְׁמַּר), Dan 6:15 (בְּאֵשׁ), Dan 6:24 (טְאֵב). — compare the synopsis of meanings in Lzb340.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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