סַר
çar · H5620 · Hebrew · 3 occurrences
Meanings
-
sullen
Literally: stubborn; hence: state in which humans are bad-tempered and unwilling to listen to reason
Examples1 Kings 20:43 So the king of Israel went to his house sullen and furious, and came to Samaria.
1 Kings 21:4 So Ahab entered his house sullen and furious because of the answer that Naboth the Jezreelite had given to him, since he said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he lay down on his bed and turned his face away, and ate no food.
1 Kings 21:5 But Jezebel his wife came to him and said to him, “How is it that your spirit is so sullen that you are not eating food?”
How it’s used In 1 role
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רוּחַspirit, wind 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- מַר mar · H4751 · drop, bitter
- סַר (çar, H5620) (“heavy, sad”) and מַר (“angry, bitter, chafed, discontented”) overlap in the sense of emotional distress or displeasure.
- קָשֶׁה qâsheh · H7186 · hard, harsh, savage
- Both words can describe a negative disposition or temperament, such as stubbornness, heaviness or a hard state. קָשֶׁה (qâsheh, H7186) is much broader, covering hardness, cruelty and physical difficulty, while סַר (çar, H5620) is tightly focused on heavy, sad emotional states, so they overlap only partially.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Unwilling002001002031
- One attested sense, a resentful, resistant sullenness, as when Ahab enters his house sullen and furious over Naboth's refusal to give up his inheritance.
- Angry002001002002
- The same sullen disposition viewed as suppressed anger, as when Jezebel asks Ahab why his spirit is so sullen that he will not eat.
Word family 2 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5620. sar סַר adjective stubborn, resentful, sullen, implacable; — וְזָעֵף סַר 1Ki…
סַר adjective stubborn, resentful, sullen, implacable; — וְזָעֵף סַר 1Ki 20:43; 1Ki 21:4; feminine סָרָ֫ה רוּחֲךָ מַהזֶּֿה 1Ki 21:5 why then is thy spirit sullen ? possibly also plural construct סוֺרְרִים סָרֵי Jer 6:28 revolters (stubborn ones) among, etc. (see above and סור
Qal near the end).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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