נׇכְרִי
nokrîy · H5237 · Hebrew · 45 occurrences
Meanings
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foreign, strange
State in which something or someone is identified as different or strange from one's own perspective
ExamplesExodus 2:22 Then she gave birth to a son, and he named him Gershom, for he said, “I have been a stranger in a foreign land.”
Exodus 18:3 and her two sons, one of whom was named Gershom, for Moses said, “I have been a stranger in a foreign land.”
Exodus 21:8 “If she is displeasing in the eyes of her master who designated her for himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He does not have authority to sell her to a foreign people, because of his unfairness to her.
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wild
Literally: foreign; hence: state in which a plant has not been cultivated but grows of itself; associated with inferior quality
ExamplesJeremiah 2:21 “Yet I planted you as a choice vine, A completely faithful seed. How then have you turned yourself before Me Into the degenerate shoots of a foreign vine?
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foreigner
Person who comes from a foreign country and therefore has a different status from those who are native-born
ExamplesGenesis 31:15 “Are we not regarded by him as foreigners? For he has sold us, and has also entirely consumed our purchase price.
Deuteronomy 14:21 “You shall not eat anything which dies of itself. You may give it to the stranger who is in your town, so that he may eat it, or you may sell it to a stranger; for you are a holy people to the LORD your God. You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk.
Ruth 2:10 Then she fell on her face, bowing to the ground, and said to him, “Why have I found favor in your sight that you should take notice of me, since I am a foreigner?”
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adulteress
Literally: foreign woman; a woman who is the wife of someone else
ExamplesProverbs 2:16 To rescue you from the strange woman, From the foreign woman who flatters with her words,
Proverbs 5:20 For why should you, my son, be exhilarated with an adulteress, And embrace the breasts of a foreigner?
Proverbs 6:24 To keep you from the evil woman, From the smooth tongue of the foreign woman.
How it’s used In 8 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 3
- עַםpeople 2
Named alongside itApposition
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- גֶּפֶןvine, grapevine 1
- דּוֹרgeneration 1
What it doesIt is the subject
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- קָרָאto call, to cry out 2
- בּוֹאto come, to go in, to bring 1
What is done to itIt is the object
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- הָיָהto be, to become 1
- נָגַשׂtaskmaster 1
What it is said to bePredicate
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- בְּאֵרwell 1
What is said to be itIt is the predicate
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- אָנֹכִיI 1
- אַתָּהyou 1
After prepositionsPrepositional phrases
9 occurrences in 4 groups
- לto/for 5
- בְּעַדfor, behind, through 4
- אֵלto, toward 2
- מִןfrom 2
In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive
3 occurrences in 3 groups
- בַּיִתhouse, household 1
- חֵיקbosom 1
- לָשׁוֹןtongue, language 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- זוּר zûwr · H2114 · stranger, outsider, strange
- Both terms refer to foreigners or strangers in overlapping senses, marking social outsider status and appearing together in contexts involving foreign women or prostitutes.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ἀλλότριος allótrios · G245 · belonging to another, belonging to someone else, stranger
- Greek ἀλλότριος denotes 'belonging to another, foreign, not one's own' and serves as the standard LXX rendering of Hebrew נׇכְרִי 'alien, foreigner' across legal, social, and narrative contexts distinguishing non-Israelites from covenant community members.
- ξένος xénos · G3581 · unknown, unheard of, unfamiliar
- נׇכְרִי (nokrîy, H5237) נׇכְרִי denotes a foreigner or alien specifically from the perspective of Israelite covenant community boundaries, often with connotations of religious or ethnic otherness, while ξένος (xénos, G3581) ξένος refers more broadly to any foreign person or stranger and can emphasize the role-relationship of guest/host without the covenant-boundary implications.
Semantic domains 4 entries
- Different002001001019
- The word describes someone of foreign origin, as Moses names his son Gershom because he has been a stranger in a foreign land (Exodus 2:22, 18:3), tying the word to belonging to a different people or place.
- Bad002001001006
- The word is also used with a negative moral coloring for a foreign woman associated with seduction and folly, a broader evaluative sense than plain foreign origin.
- Classes001001003001
- The word is used to classify a person as belonging to the class of foreigners, as when a foreign people is contrasted with the covenant people Israel cannot be sold into (Exodus 21:8), tying the word to group classification by origin.
- Prostitutes001001003011
- The word is also used specifically of a foreign woman in the sense of a prostitute or seductress, a narrower sense than the general "foreigner" citations sampled here.
Word family 6 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5237. nokri נָכְרִי adjective foreign, alien (Late Hebrew נָכְרִי = Gentile); — ׳נ…
נָכְרִי adjective foreign, alien (Late Hebrew נָכְרִי = Gentile); — ׳נ absolute masculine Zep 1:8 +; feminine נָכְרִיָּה Exo 2:22 +; masculine plural נָכְרִים Isa 2:6 Isa 2:2t. + Pro 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), + Pro 27:13 (so read for נָכְרִיָּה ᵑ0); feminine plural נָכְרִיּוֺת Gen 31:15 +; —
1. a. foreign: נָכְרִי עַם Exo 21:8 (E) a foreign (non-Israel) people, נ ׳אִישׁ Deu 17:15 (|| אָתִיךָ לֹא); נ ׳מַלְבּוּשׁ Zep 1:8; נָכְרִיָּה אֶרֶץ Exo 2:22 (J) foreign land, so Exo 18:3 (E); especially נָכְרִיּוֺת נָשִׁים foreign (non-Israel) women 1Ki 11:18; Ezr 10:2, Ezr 10:10, Ezr 10:11, Ezr 10:14, Ezr 10:17, Ezr 10:18, Ezr 10:44; Neh 13:26-27,.
b. as substantive נָכְרִי foreigner (non-Israel) Jdg 19:12 (+ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִבְּנֵי לֹא אֲשֶׁר), 1Ki 8:41 (+ מֵעַמְּךָ לֹא אֲשֶׁר), = 2Ch 6:32 (+ id.), 1Ki 8:43 2Ch 6:33; Deu 14:21 (|| גֵּר), Deu 15:3; Deu 23:21 (opposed to אָחִיךָ), Deu 29:21 (+ רְחוֺקָה מֵאֶרֶץ יָבאֹ אֲשֶׁר); as predicate, 2Sa 15:19 (|| גֹּלֶה), נָכְרִיָּה Rth 2:10; plural נָכְרִים foreigners Lam 5:2 (זָרִים), Obadiah 11 (|| id.); compare נָכְרִים יַלְדֵי Isa 2:6; feminine plural alien women Gen 31:15 (E; i.e. not of one's father's family).
2 נָכְרִיָּה foreign woman, as technical term, in Proverbs, for harlot (perhaps because harlots were originally chiefly foreigners): Pro 2:16 (|| זָרָה אִשָּׁה), Pro 7:5 (|| id.), Pro 5:20 (|| זָרָה), Pro 6:24 (|| רָ֑ע אֵשֶׁת), Pro 23:27 (|| זוֺנָה). — On Pro 20:16; Pro 27:13 see below
3 figurative unknown, unfamiliar: בְּעֵינֵיהֶם הָיִיתִי נָכְרִי Job 19:15 an alien am I become in their eyes; ׳נ אִמִּי לִבְנֵי Psa 69:9 (|| לְאֶחָ֑י הָיִיתִי מוּזָר); נ ׳אִישׁ Ecc 6:2; of ׳יs judgment, עֲבֹדָתוֺ נָכְרִיָּה Isa 28:21 strange is his task! (|| מַעֲשֵׂהוּ זָר); נָכְרִיָּה גֶּפֶן Jer 2:21 an alien vine (opposed to אֱמֶת זֶרַע), figurative of degenerate Israel; as substantive, נָכְרִים Pro 20:16 Kt (> Qr נָכְרִיָּה), alens, persons unknown to him (|| זָר), so read also (for נָכְרִיָּה ᵑ0) || Pro 27:13.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 4 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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