נָחַת
nâchath · H5181 · Hebrew · 10 occurrences
Meanings
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to descend
Action by which humans or supernatural beings move down from a place of higher elevation
ExamplesJeremiah 21:13 “Behold, I am against you, you inhabitant of the valley, You rocky plain,” declares the LORD, “You who say, ‘Who will come down against us? Or who will enter our dwellings?’
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to bring down
Causative action by which humans or deities cause (other) humans to move down from a place of higher elevation
ExamplesJoel 3:11 Hurry and come, all you surrounding nations, And gather yourselves there. Bring down, LORD, Your warriors.
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to go down to Sheol, to pass away
Literally: to go down to Sheol; hence: process by which humans die and enter the realm of the dead
ExamplesJob 21:13 “They spend their days in prosperity, And suddenly they go down to Sheol.
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to impress
Process by which an experience finds a prominent place in a person's memory
ExamplesProverbs 17:10 A rebuke goes deeper into one who has understanding Than a hundred blows into a fool.
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to strike
Process by which a sharp or heavy object comes down and hits a person's body
ExamplesPsalm 38:2 For Your arrows have sunk deep into me, And Your hand has pressed down on me.
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to level
Causative process by which an uneven surface is made even
ExamplesPsalm 65:10 You water its furrows abundantly, You settle its ridges, You soften it with showers, You bless its growth.
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to bend
Causative action by which humans shape a straight object into a curve
Examples2 Samuel 22:35 “He trains my hands for battle, So that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
Psalm 18:34 He trains my hands for battle, So that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
10 occurrences in 9 groups
- Other words · 9 groups that occur once or twice (10) 10
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
4 occurrences in 3 groups
- קֶשֶׁתbow 2
- גִּבּוֹרmighty man, warrior 1
- גְּדוּדband of raiders 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
6 occurrences in 7 groups
- מִןfrom+ נָכָהto strike, to strike down 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ עָפָרdust, dirt 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ נִיme 1
- עַלon, upon, over, against+ נוּus 1
- בin/on/with+ רֶגַעmoment 1
- בin/on/with+ נִיme 1
With adverbsAdverbs
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- יַחַדtogether 1
- שָׁםthere 1
What is done to itIt is the object
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- אָמַרto say 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 1 word
- יָרַד yârad · H3381 · to go down, to come down, to fall down
- The most common Hebrew verb for 'go down, descend' and directly synonymous with the primary descent sense of נָחַת; both can express movement from higher to lower position
Contrasting words 1 word
- עָלָה ʻâlâh · H5927 · to go up, to rise up, to make rise up
- Direct antonym to the 'go down, come down' sense of נָחַת; עָלָה expresses upward motion while נָחַת expresses downward motion
In the other Testament 1 word
- καταβαίνω katabaínō · G2597 · to move down, to come down, to go down
- Standard Greek equivalent for the 'come down, go down' sense of נָחַת, used throughout LXX and NT for descent from a higher to lower place
Semantic domains 6 entries
- Move002002001012
- נָחַת denotes going down or descending, as the dead "go down" to Sheol (Job 17:16, 21:13), tying the word to downward movement to a destination.
- Dead002001001018
- The word's dominant use for descending to Sheol (Job 17:16, 21:13) ties it closely to death and the realm of the dead as the destination of this downward movement.
- Know002004002007
- This entry carries no independent "Know" sense of its own distinct from ordinary descending or penetrating; every genuine tagged occurrence of נָחַת (e.g. Job 17:16, 21:13, Psalm 38:3) concerns going down or piercing, not knowledge. The domain is bundle-shared with a related sense.
- Impact002001001024
- The word also describes something bending or being drawn taut under force, as a bow of bronze is "bent" by the psalmist's arms (2 Samuel 22:35, Psalm 18:34), tying the word to a forceful physical action.
- Shape002001001052
- This entry carries no independent "Shape" sense of its own distinct from ordinary descending or penetrating; the genuine tagged occurrences concern going down or piercing, not physical form. The domain is bundle-shared with the lexeme's own broader sense range.
- Space002002001017
- נָחַת describes descending or coming down into a space, illustrated at Job 21:13 ("suddenly they go down to Sheol") and Job 17:16 ("will it go down with me to Sheol? Shall we together go down into the dust?").
Word family 4 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H5181. nacheth [נָחֵת] verb (Aramaic and in poetry) go down, descend (Aramaic נְחֵת, ;…
[נָחֵת] verb (Aramaic and in poetry) go down, descend (Aramaic נְחֵת, ; Palmyrene נחת Lzb323); —
Qal Imperfect3masculine singular יֵחַת Jer 21:13; Jer 21:3feminine singular תֵּ֫חַת Pro 17:10, וַתִּנְחַת Psa 38:3; Psa 38:3masculine plural יֵחַ֑תּוּ Job 21:13 (forms יֵחַתּוּ יֵחַת, see also חתת); —
1 go down, descend, to attack Jer 21:13; into Sh®°ôl Job 21:13.
2 figurative descend in chastisement Psa 38:3 (hand of ׳י; ||
Niph`al see below); followed by בְּ descend into i.e. make impression on, Pro 17:10 (of reproof).
Niph`al Perfect3masculine plural נִחֲתוּ followed by בְּ = penetrate Psa 38:3, (of arrows of ׳י).
Pi`el Perfect3masculine singular consecutive וְנִחַת 2Sa 22:35 (see Ges§ 145. 7); = 3 feminine singular וְנִחֲתָה Psa 18:35; Infinitive absolute נַחֵת Psa 65:11; — cause to descend = press down, according to most, in ׳וְנ זְדֹעֹתָ֑י נְחוּשָׁה קֶשֶׁת 2Sa 22:35 = Psa 18:35 so that my arms press down, stretch, a bow of bronze, but dubious; Bu conjecture Hiph`il יַנְחִת; HPS וַיָּ֫שֶׁת and makes my arms a bow of bronze; of pressing down, smoothing out, furrows of land Psa 65:11.
Hiph`il Imperative הַנְחַת Joel 4:11 thither bring down thy heroes, ׳י! (on form compare Ges§ 64 R. 3 Köi. 314 f.).
[נְחֵת] verb descend (ᵑ7 Syriac; see Biblical Hebrew (in poetry, and late)); —
Pe`al Participle נָחִ֑ת Dan 4:10; Dan 4:20 (both מִןשְֿׁמַיָּא).
Haph`el deposit, ב location: Imperfect2masculine singular תַּחֵת (K§ 42, b)) Ezr 6:5 (GuHpt reads 3 masculine plural); Imperative masculine singular אֲחֵת (K§ 15 d)) Ezr 5:15 (accusative of thing); Passive participle plural מְהַחֲתִין Ezr 6:1 (were) deposited.
Hoph`al (WCG 225) be deposed: Perfect3masculine singular הָנְחַת Dan 5:20 (מִןכָּֿרְסֵא).
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 6 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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