מָכַךְ
mâkak · H4355 · Hebrew · 3 occurrences
Meanings
-
to sink in, to sag, to cave in
Process by which a flat object bulges downwards through weight, pressure, or lack of strength
ExamplesEcclesiastes 10:18 Through extreme laziness the rafters sag, and through idleness the house leaks.
-
to sink down
Literally: to sink in; hence: process by which humans lose their prosperity and security
ExamplesJob 24:24 “They are exalted a little while, then they are gone; Moreover, they are brought low, and like everything they are gathered up; Like the heads of grain they wither.
Psalm 106:43 Many times He would rescue them; They, however, were rebellious in their plan, And they sank down into their guilt.
How it’s used In 2 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
3 occurrences in 2 groups
- Not stated: they 2
- מְקָרֶהbeam-work 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
2 occurrences in 2 groups
- בin/on/with+ עָוֺןiniquity 1
- בin/on/with+ עַצְלָהlaziness 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- שָׁפָל shâphâl · H8217 · low, deep
- Hebrew שָׁפֵל is a distinct verb conveying the state of being brought low or humbled, closely parallel to the 'brought low' sense of מָכַךְ but from a different root.
- דָּלַל dâlal · H1809 · to become low, to dwindle, to grow weak
- Hebrew דָּלַל describes being reduced to a low state, impoverished, or weakened condition, paralleling the deterioration/decay aspect of מָכַךְ.
Contrasting words 2 words
- רוּם rûwm · H7311 · to be high, to become high, to mount up
- Hebrew רוּם is the lexical opposite of the 'brought low' sense of מָכַךְ, expressing elevation, being raised up, or exalted rather than brought low.
- גָּבַהּ gâbahh · H1361 · to be tall, to be high, to make high
- Hebrew גָּבַהּ denotes being high or lofty, the opposite of being brought low or reduced in state as expressed by מָכַךְ.
In the other Testament 2 words
- ταπεινόω tapeinóō · G5013 · to make low, to level off, to make level
- Greek ταπεινόω captures the sense of 'being brought low' which is a core meaning of מָכַךְ (mâkak, H4355) מָכַךְ. Both terms describe the process of something or someone being reduced to a lower state or condition.
- φθείρω phtheírō · G5351 · to destroy, to cause harm, to ruin
- Greek φθείρω expresses the decay/corruption aspect of מָכַךְ (mâkak, H4355), particularly its use in contexts of physical deterioration or moral decline.
Semantic domains 2 entries
- Shape002001001052
- מָכַךְ describes a physical sinking or sagging, as in Ecclesiastes 10:18's picture of rafters that "sag" through neglect, a change in structural shape from soundness to collapse.
- Unsafe002003003022
- The word more often describes a person or group being brought low into a vulnerable, diminished state, as in Job 24:24's "they are brought low, and like everything they are gathered up," and Psalm 106:43's Israel who "sank down into their guilt."
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4355. makak [מָכַךְ] verb be low, humiliated (Aramaic מְכַךְ, ; Arabic is suck entirely…
[מָכַךְ] verb be low, humiliated (Aramaic מְכַךְ, ; Arabic is suck entirely out, diminish, consume) —
Qal Imperfect וַיָּמֹ֫כּוּ Psa 106:43 of perverse Israel
Niph`al Imperfect יִמַּךְ Ecc 10:18 sink (in decay) of house-timbers.
Hoph`al Perfect וְהֻמְּכוּ Job 24:24 be brought low, of wicked.
I. מִכְלָה see כלא. II. [מִכְלָה] see כלה.
מִכְלָל מִכְלוֺל,, [מַכְלֻל] see כלל.
מַכֹּ֫לֶת see אכל. [מִכְמָן], מִכְמַנֵּי see כון.
מִכְמָשׂ מִכְמָס, see כמס.
מִכְמָר, [מַכְמֹר], [מִכְמֶ֫רֶת], מִכְמֹ֫רֶת see III. כמר.
מִכְמְתָת see כמת.
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 2 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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