Word

מַכָּה

makkâh · H4347 · Hebrew · 48 occurrences

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Meanings

stroke, lash, stripe, wound

Area of physical damage on the body; caused by an act of aggression

Examples
Deuteronomy 25:3 “He may have him beaten forty times, but not more, so that he does not have him beaten with many more lashes than these, and that your brother does not become contemptible in your eyes.
1 Kings 22:35 The battle raged on that day, and the king was propped up in his chariot in front of the Arameans, and he died at evening, and the blood from the wound ran into the bottom of the chariot.
2 Kings 8:29 So King Joram returned to have himself healed in Jezreel of the wounds which the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah the son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to see Joram the son of Ahab in Jezreel because he was sick.
blow, defeat

Action by which an army inflicts many casualties on the army of the enemy

Examples
Joshua 10:10 And the LORD brought them into confusion before Israel, and He struck them down in a great defeat at Gibeon, and pursued them by the way of the ascent to Beth-horon and struck them as far as Azekah and Makkedah.
Joshua 10:20 It came about when Joshua and the sons of Israel had finished striking them down in a very great defeat, until they were destroyed, and the survivors of them who escaped had entered the fortified cities,
Judges 11:33 He inflicted a very great defeat on them from Aroer to the entrance of Minnith, twenty cities, and as far as Abel-keramim. So the sons of Ammon were subdued before the sons of Israel.
blow

Literally: blow; hence: action by which deities inflict punishment on people

Examples
Leviticus 26:21 ‘Yet if you show hostility toward Me and are unwilling to obey Me, I will increase the plague on you seven times according to your sins.
1 Samuel 4:8 “Woe to us! Who will save us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who struck the Egyptians with all kinds of plagues in the wilderness.
1 Samuel 6:19 Now He fatally struck some of the men of Beth-shemesh because they had looked into the ark of the LORD. He struck 50,070 men among the people, and the people mourned because the LORD had struck the people with a great slaughter.
crushed wheat

Literally: wheat of blows; hence: wheat that has been ground, either partially or fully

Examples
2 Chronicles 2:10 “Now behold, I will give your servants, the woodsmen who cut the timber, twenty thousand kors of crushed wheat, twenty thousand kors of barley, twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil.”
affliction, plague

Literally: a blow; hence: causative action by which deities punish humans with serious diseases

Examples
Numbers 11:33 While the meat was still between their teeth, before it was chewed, the anger of the LORD was kindled against the people, and the LORD struck the people with a very severe plague.
Deuteronomy 28:59 then the LORD will bring extraordinary plagues on you and your descendants, severe and lasting plagues, and miserable and chronic sicknesses.
Deuteronomy 28:61 “Also every sickness and every plague, which are not written in the book of this Law, the LORD will bring on you until you are destroyed.

How it’s used In 8 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

18 occurrences in 12 groups

הּher 4
Other words · 11 groups that occur once or twice (14) 14

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

21 occurrences in 9 groups

גָּדוֹלgreat, large 10
נָכָהto strike, to strike down 4
רַבmany, great 3
Other words · 6 groups that occur once or twice (6) 6

Named alongside itApposition

5 occurrences in 4 groups

מַכָּהstroke 4
חֳלִיdisease 2
חִטָּהwheat 1
שֶׁבֶרdestruction, fracture 1

What it doesIt is the subject

7 occurrences in 3 groups

הָיָהto be, to become 3
חָלָהto be sick, to be weak 3
רָבָהto increase 1

What is done to itIt is the object

5 occurrences in 3 groups

יָסַףto add 2
פָּלָאto be wonderful, to do wonders 2
רָאָהto see 1

What it is said to bePredicate

3 occurrences in 3 groups

מָהwhat?, why? 1
אָנַשׁincurable (wound 1
פָּנִיםface, presence, before 1

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

9 occurrences in 4 groups

עַלon, upon, over, against 9
מִןfrom 6
כlike/as 4
בin/on/with 2

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

2 occurrences in 2 groups

דָּםblood 1
מַחַץwound 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 1 word

πληγή plēgḗ · G4127 · to hit, to strike, to beat: Greek πληγή renders Hebrew מַכָּה across its full semantic range from physical blow/wound to plague/calamity, functioning as the standard LXX equivalent for both literal strikes and divine judgment contexts.

Semantic domains 4 entries

Impact002001001024: מַכָּה denotes a blow, stroke, or wound inflicted on the body, as in the law limiting punitive beating to forty lashes so the offender "does not become contemptible" (Deuteronomy 25:3).
Chastise002003002005: The word is frequently used of a punishing plague sent as covenant discipline, as in the repeated "plagues" threatened for disobedience (Deuteronomy 28:59, 61) and the plague at Kibroth-hattaavah (Numbers 11:33).
Food001003001003: The fact-packet data also assigns the Food domain, likely reflecting the covenant curses' pairing of plague with agricultural devastation and famine (as in the broader context of Leviticus 26 and Deuteronomy 28's disasters), though no sampled citation directly illustrates a food-specific sense.
Weak002001001069: The resulting condition of one struck by such a blow or plague is a weakened, afflicted state, the natural consequence of the Impact and Chastise senses above.

Word family 3 words

Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.

נָכָה nâkâh · H5221 · to hit, to beat, to strike · 500×מַכָּהmakkâh · H4347נֵכֶה nêkeh · H5222 · to attack · 1×

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H4347. makkah or makkeh מַכָּה noun feminine blow, wound, slaughter; — absolute ׳מ 1Sa…

H4347. makkah
or makkeh מַכָּה noun feminine blow, wound, slaughter; — absolute ׳מ 1Sa 4:8 +; construct מַכַּת Isa 10:26 +; suffix מַכָּתִי Jer 10:19; Jer 15:18, etc.; **plural מַכִּי֥֥ 2Ki 8:29 = 2Ki 9:15 2Ch 22:6; מַכּוֺת absolute Zec 13:6 +, construct,' etc.; plural מַכּוֺת absolute 2Ki 8:29 +; construct Deu 29:21 +; suffix מַכֹּתְךָ Deu 28:59, מַכּוֺתַיִךְ Jer 30:17, etc.; —
1. a. blow, stripe, literally of scourging, chastising Deu 25:3; Pro 20:30 (|| מֶּצַע חַבֻּרוֺת); חֶרֶב מַכַּת Est 9:5 (as accusative of congnate meaning with verb).
b. beating, scourging, figurative of defeat of Midian Isa 10:26 (|| שׁוֺט עוֺרֵר).
c. often wound 1Ki 22:35; 2Ki 8:29; 2Ki 9:15 2Ch 22:6 (read ׳מִןהַֿמּ), Zec 13:6 (יָדֶיךָ בֵּין); symbolic of violence Jer 6:7 (+ חֳלִי); טְרִיָּה וּמַכָּה וְחַבּוּרָה מֶּצַע Isa 1:6 (of Judah, under figure of maltreated man), compare Mic 1:9 אֲנוּשָׁה׳מ), Nah 3:19 (|| שֶׁבֶר; of Nineveh), especially in Jeremiah (of Judah): Jer 10:19; Jer 14:17; Jer 30:12 (all + נַחֲלָה severe; || שֶׁבֶר), Jer 15:18 (׳מ אֲנוּשָׁה), Jer 19:8; Jeremiah 47:17; Jer 50:13, as accusative of congnate meaning with verb Jer 30:14, with verb רָפָא heal Jer 30:17; also מ ׳מַחַץ Isa 30:26 (|| שֶׁבֶר); of wounds made by ׳יs arrows Psa 64:8.
2 = slaughter 1Sa 4:10; 1Sa 14:30, usually as accusative of congnate meaning with verb with הִכָּה Jos 10:20; 1Sa 6:19; 1Sa 14:14; 1Sa 19:8; 1Sa 23:5; 1Ki 20:21; 2Ch 13:17.
3 = defeat, as accusative of congnate meaning with verb with הִכָּה Jos 10:10; Joshua 11:33; Jos 15:8; 2Ch 28:5; = conquest (of ׳י) Isa 14:6.
4 plague, especially disease, as punishment (of ׳י), 1Sa 4:8; Deu 28:59 (3 t. in verse) (|| חֳלִי), Deu 28:61 (|| id.), Deu 29:21 (|| תַּחֲלֻאִים), Lev 26:21 (H), as accusative of congnate meaning with verb Num 11:33. — מַכּוֺת2Ch 2:9 read מַכֹּלֶת (see אכל) as || 1 Kings 5:25, so ᵑ9 ᵐ5 Be Öttli and Th1Ki 5:25.

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 4 entries

Food1 occurrence Impact34 occurrences Weak6 occurrences Chastise6 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0