כָּפַר

H3722. kaphar
כִּמֶּר verb Pi`el etc.
denominative cover over (figurative), pacify, make propitiation; —
Pi`el Perfect כִּמֶּר Exo 30:10 Exo 30:31t.; 2 masculine singular suffix כִּמַּרְתָּ֑הוּ Eze 43:20; Eze 43:3masculine plural יְכַמְּרוּ Eze 43:26; Eze 43:2masculine plural כִּמַּרְתֶּם Eze 45:20; Imperfect יְכַמֵּר Exo 30:10 Exo 30:10t.; יְכַמֶּרֿ Lev 7:7; Num 5:8; suffix יְכַמְּרֶנָּה Pro 16:14; Pro 16:1singular אֲכַמֵּר 2Sa 21:3; אֲכַמְּרָה Gen 32:21; Exo 32:30, etc.; Imperative כַּמֵּר Deu 21:8 Deu 21:4t.; Infinitive כַּמֵּר Exo 30:15 Exo 30:28t.; suffixes כַּמְּרִי Eze 16:63; כַּמֶּרְךָ Exo 29:36; כַּמְּרָהּ Isa 47:11; —
1 cover over, pacify, propitiate; בַּמִּנְחָה פָנָיו אֲכַמָּרָה Gen 32:21 let me cover his face by the present (so that he does not see the offence, i.e. pacify, him; E; RSOTJC, 2d ed., 381 'wipe clean the face,' blackened by displeasure, as the Arabs say 'whiten the face'); הֹוָה עָלַיִךְ כַּמְּרָהּוְתִמֹּל תוּכְלִי לֹא Isa 47:11 and disaster will fall upon thee, thou wilt not be able to propitiate it (by payment of a כֹּפֶר, see Isa 43:3); pacify the wrath of a king Pro 16:14 (e.g. by a gift).
2 cover over, atone for sin, without sacrifice :
a. man as subject, אֲכַמֵּר בַּמָּה 2Sa 21:3, with what shall I cover over (namely, the bloodguiltiness of the house of Saul, says David The answer is by a death penalty of seven sons of the guilty house); חטאתכםבְּעַד Exo 32:30 on behalf of your sins (J E; Moses, by intercession); with על of persons Num 17:11; Num 17:12 (P; by incense), Num 25:13 (P when Phinehas slays the ringleaders).
b. with God as subject, with accusative of person, cover, i.e. treat as covered, view propitiously, Yahweh's land Deu 32:43 (song); לְ person Deu 21:8 (bloodguiltiness flows away in the stream), Eze 16:63; בְּעַד of person 2Ch 30:18; with accusative of the sin Psa 65:4; Psa 78:38, probably also Dan 9:24 ׅ || חטאתח֯תם (; עַל of sin, Psa 79:9; Jer 18:23 ׅ || מחה (. It is conceived that God in his sovereignty may himself provide an atonement or covering for men and their sins which could not be provided by men.
3 cover over, atone for sin and persons by legal rites, in the codes of H, P, and Ezekiel: absolute ׳וכ הַכֹּהֵן and the priest shall make atonement Lev 16:32;
a. with accusative of sacred places (by the great sin-offering of the day of atonement), Lev 16:20, Lev 16:33 (twice in verse); also Eze 43:20, Eze 43:26; Eze 45:20 (by the blood of the sin-offering || טִהַר חִטֵּא,).
b. usually c. עַל (I) of things, e.g. of the altar to which the blood of the sin-offering was applied Exo 29:36-37, Exo 30:10; Lev 8:15 ׅ || קִדַּשׁ (, Lev 16:18; and specifically the horns of the altar Exo 30:10; the holy place of the tabernacle Lev 16:16 (by the great sin-offering, because of ׅ מִן ( the uncleannesses of thechildren of Israel and because of their transgressions); for the leprous house by ceremony of purification Lev 14:53 ׅ || טִהַר (; for the goat לעזאזל Lev 16:10 (which was presented before Yahweh to consecrate him for the bearing away of the sins of the people). (2) of persons, עלֿ נפשׁתיכם, for your persons, yourselves, e.g. by the payment of atonement-money הַכִּמֻּרִים כֶּסֶף at the census Exo 30:15-16, by the קרבן of the spoils Num 31:50; by the blood upon the altar Lev 17:11; in the ritual עָלָיו עֲלֵיהֶם, by ministry of priest through the blood of the sin-offering Lev 4:20, Lev 4:31; Lev 8:34; Lev 10:17; Lev 12:7-8, Lev 14:19, Lev 14:31; Lev 16:30, Lev 16:33; Lev 23:28; Num 8:12, Num 8:21; Num 15:25, Num 15:28 (twice in verse); Num 28:22, Num 28:30; Num 29:5; 2Ch 29:24; Neh 10:34; of the trespass-offering Lev 5:16, Lev 5:18; Leviticus 5:26; Lev 7:7; Lev 14:21; Lev 19:22; Num 5:8; the whole burnt-offering Lev 1:4; Lev 14:20; Lev 16:24; by the oil used in purifying a leper Lev 14:18, Lev 14:29; by the תרומה Eze 45:15; by the priestly ministry in General 1Ch 6:34; by the substitution of the Levites for the firstborn Num 8:19. Underlying all these offerings there is the conception that the persons offering are covered by that which is regarded as sufficient and satisfactory by Yahweh. (The purpose of the covering is stated Lev 16:30 י לִפְנֵי חַטּאֹתֵיכֶם מִכֹּל אֶתְכֶם לְטַהֵר ׳עֲלֵיכֶם תִּטְהָ֑רוּיְכַמֵּר = shall atonement be made for you to cleanse you, from all your sins shall ye be clean before Yahweh, and Num 8:21 לְטַהֲרָם עֲלֵיהֶם וַיְכַמֵּר and (Aaron) made atonement for them to cleanse them.)
c. the need of the atonement is expressed by מִן: **others understand מִן as = away from; compare DiLev 4:26, RiSühne 50 f. מֵחטאתו because of his sin Lev 4:26; Lev 5:6, Lev 5:10; Lev 16:34; מטמאתו Lev 14:19; Lev 16:16; מזוב Lev 15:15, Lev 15:30; חָטָא מֵאֲשֶׁר Num 6:11; also עַלחַֿטָּאתוֺ עַל on account of his sin Lev 4:35; Lev 5:13; Lev 19:22; עלשֿׁגגתוֺ Lev 5:18.
d. with בְּ instrumental בְּאֵיל Lev 5:16; Lev 19:22; Num 5:8; with a trespass-offering Lev 7:7; יְכַמֵּר בַּנֶּפֶשׁ הוּא כִּיהּהַדָּם Lev 17:11 for it is the blood with the living being that covers over (H, see נפשׁ
3 (a); RV by reason of the life after De Di Kn Bähr Kau and most moderns; AV follows ᵑ9 ᵐ5. ᵑ7. so Ges Ew§ 282 a. Anm. 1 : ' for the soul '); with בְּ local בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Lev 6:23; Lev 16:17, Lev 16:27.
e. with בַּעַד person, on behalf of Lev 9:7 (twice in verse); Lev 16:6, Lev 16:11, Lev 16:17, Lev 16:24 (by Aaron), Eze 45:17 (by the prince).
Pu`al Perfect כֻּמַּר Exo 29:33; Isa 28:18 (but read תֻּפַר, — √ I. פרר, — so ᵑ7. Hu We Che SS and others see BrMP 209); Imperfect יְכֻמַּר Num 35:33 Num 35:3t.; 3 feminine singular תְּכֻמָּ֑ר Isa 6:7 be covered over, atoned for.
1 apart from the ritual, תכפר חטאתך Isa 6:7 thy sin shall be covered over ( || עֲוֺנֶךָ וְסָר; by the touch of the live coal from the altar); הַזֶּה הֶעָוֺן לָכֶםאִםיְֿכֻמַּר Isa 22:14 surely this iniquity shall not be covered over; with בְּ instrumental עון יכפר בזאת Isa 27:9 by this shall the iniquity of Jacob be covered over (|| חטאתו הָסר namely by the destruction of idolatrous objects); יכפר יאמת עוןבחסד Pro 16:6 by mercy and fidelity iniquity is covered over.
2 with לְ for whom, לדם יכפר לא לארץ Num 35:33 for the land atonement cannot be made, in view of the blood shed in it, except by the blood of the shedder of blood; in the ritual of P, with בְּ instrumental בָּהֶם כֻּמַּר אֲשֶׁר Exo 29:33 wherewith atonement was made (ram of consecration).
Hithpa`el Imperfect יִתְכַּמֵּר 1Sa 3:14; with בְּ instrumental אִםֿ וּבְמִנְחָה בְּזֶבַח בֵּיתעֵֿלִי עֲוֺן יִתְכַּמֵּר the iniquity of the house of Eli shall not be covered by peace offering or minchah (in other words there was no atonement for it; compare Punic Isa 22:14).
Niph`al Perfect הַדָּם לָהֶם וְנִכַּמֵּר Deu 21:8 and the blood shall be covered for them.
II. [כָּפַר] verb denominative (from II. כֹּפֶר) — Perfect2masculine singular בַּכֹּפֶד וְכָֽפַרְתָּ֫ Gen 6:14 and thou shalt pitch it with pitch (P).
III. כפר (√ of following).