כֶּסֶף

H3701. keseph
כֶּ֫סֶף402 noun masculineGen 23:9 silver, money (Late Hebrew id.; Phoenician, Zinjirli כסף; Aramaic כַּסְמָּא ; Palmyrene כספא VogNo. 23; Assyrian kaspu; probably the pale metal Thes and others, compare RSJPh xiv,125) — ׳כ absolute Gen 20:16 +, כָּ֑סֶף Exo 21:11 +; construct Ex 43:21 +; suffix כַּסְמִּי Gen 42:28 Gen 42:3t., כַּסְמְּךָ 1Ki 20:3 1Ki 20:2t., כַּסְמֶּ֑ךָ Gen 17:13; Isa 30:22, כַּסְמֵּךְ Isa 1:22, כַּסְמֵּנוּ Gen 31:15 Gen 31:2t., כַּסְמָּם Hos 8:4 Hos 8:6t.; plural suffix כַּסְמֵּיהֶם Gen 42:25, Gen 42:35; — silver,
1 = silver ore, raw silver (rare and mostly late) Job 28:1, also (in figurative) Eze 22:20, Eze 22:22; Zec 13:9; Pro 2:4; Pro 17:3; Pro 27:21; Mal 3:3 (twice in verse); Psa 12:7; Psa 66:10; Isa 48:10; מִכּ סִיגים ׳הָגוֺ Pro 25:4 remove dross from silver, compare ׳כ סִיגִים Pro 26:23 and כ ׳מִגִים Eze 22:18 (ᵑ0; ׳כ ׳ס ᵐ5; Co strike out in view of Eze 22:20); ׳כ נִמְאָס Jer 6:30 (compare Jer 6:29), לְסִיגִים הָיָה כַּסְמֵּךְ Isa 1:22.
2 sliver as bright, shining, figurative of dove's wings בַכֶּ֑סֶף נֶחְמָּה יוֺנָה כַּנְפֵי Psa 68:14.
3 silver, as wealth, Gen 13:2 (J) + often (c. 54 t. in all; frequently with gold, etc., see זהב); כ ׳בֵיתוֺ וזהב מְלֹא Num 22:18; Num 24:13; figurative of a slave as valuable, הוּא כַּסְמּוֺ Exo 21:21 (all J E); silver as less valuable than gold 1Ki 10:21 2Ch 9:20; compare also 1Ki 10:27 2Ch 1:15; 2Ch 9:27; ׳כ נִבְחָר choice silver, Pro 18:19; Pro 10:20.
4 silver as spoil of war (with זהב, q. v.) Jdg 5:19; 2Sa 8:11 = 1Ch 18:11 1Ch 18:11t.
5 sliver as merchandise Eze 27:12; Pro 3:14 (׳סְחַרכֿ), Zep 1:12; compare also 1Ki 10:22 2Ch 9:21.
6 silver as costly gift (with זהב, q. v.) 1Ki 15:18-19, 2Ch 16:2-3, 2Ki 16:8; 2Ki 18:15; 2Ch 9:14; 2Ch 17:11; 2Ch 21:3; Isa 60:9; Dan 11:38 (other instances under 8).
7 silver as material (c. 117 t. in all; often with זהב, q. v.), of cup Gen 44:2 compare Gen 44:8 (J), trumpets Num 10:2 (P), ׳כְּלֵיכֿ Gen 24:53 (J) +; of idols Exo 20:23; Isa 2:20; Deu 29:16; Eze 16:17; Psa 115:4; Psa 135:15 Psa 135:4t., compare Deu 7:25; Jer 10:4; Hab 2:19; especially of fittings of tabernacle Exodus 26.. 27. 36. 38. (19 t.), and those offered by chiefs of people Numbers 7 (28 t.), etc.
8 silver as measure of weight and value (c. 184 t.): —
a. shekels: — ׳כ שְׁקָלִים שְׁלשִׁים Exo 21:32 (JE), compare 2Sa 24:24; Lev 5:15; Num 18:16 (both P), Neh 5:15; also (different order) כ שׁקלים ׳חֲמִשָּׁה Lev 27:6 (twice in verse) (P), compare Jos 7:21 (JE), 2Ki 15:20, and י שֶׁקֶל מֵאֹת ׳אַרְבַּע Gen 23:15-16, compare Lev 27:3, Lev 27:16 (all P), 1Sa 9:8; once הַכּ וַעֲשָׂרָה שְׁקָלִים ׳שִׁבְעָה Jer 32:9.
b. more often omitted שׁקל Gen 20:16; Gen 45:22 (E), Gen 37:28 (J), Hos 3:2; Son 8:11 17t.
c. talents: — (הַ)כּ ׳כִּכַּר Exo 38:27 (P), compare 1Ki 20:39; 2Ki 5:22; 2Ki 15:19; 2Ki 18:14; 2Ki 23:33 2Ch 36:3; 1Ch 19:6; 2Ch 25:6; 2Ch 27:5; Est 3:9; כִּכְּרֵיכֿ ׳עֶשֶׂר 2Ki 5:5; כ ׳כִּכְּרַיִם 1Ki 16:24; 2Ki 5:23; ׳כ ככרים אלפים אלף 1Ch 22:14; compare 1Ch 29:7; Ezr 8:26.
d. minas: — ׳כ אֲלָפִים חֲמֵשֶׁת מָנִים Ezr 2:69 compare Neh 7:70-71,.
e. more often = money, measure of value and exchange (c. 112 t.; not necess. coined) Gen 31:15; Gen 42:25, Gen 42:27 (E), Gen 43:12 (twice in verse); Gen 43:15, Gen 43:18 (J), Gen 23:13; Lev 27:18; Num 3:48 (P), Jdg 16:18; 1Ki 21:2; 2Ki 12:5 etc.; so Psa 68:31 Che, but see De Grill Bae, and Checritical note.; כ ׳מִקְנַת one bought for money Gen 17:12-13, Gen 17:23, Gen 17:27; Exo 12:44 (all P); ׳כ מִקְנָתוֺ Lev 25:51 (H) money for which he was bought; ׳כ מָלֵא full price Gen 23:9 (P) 1Ch 21:22, 1Ch 21:24; בְּמִשְׁקָלוֺ כַּסְמֵּנוּ Gen 43:21 i.e. our money in full; ׳כ מִמְכָרוֺ Lev 25:50 the price of his sale; ׳כ אָשָׁם 2Ki 12:7 trespass-money, ׳כ חַטָּאוֺת v.2Ki 12:7 sin-money, ׳כ הַכִּמֻּרִים Exo 30:16 atonement-money, ׳כ הַמִּדְיוֺן Num 3:49 redemption-money (both P); ׳כ עֶרְכְּךָ Lev 27:15, Lev 27:19 i.e. estimated value, etc.
9 among verbs and phrase with ׳כ are: — צרף try, refine, Zec 13:9; Isa 48:10; Mal 3:3 a Psa 12:7; Psa 66:10; זִקַּק Mal 3:3 b, (compare הִתּוּךְ Eze 22:22, v נתך, see Eze 22:20; Eze 22:21); ימּה beautify ׳בכ Jer 10:4; כ ׳תָּפוּשׂ Hab 2:19 encased with gold and silver; אתהַֿכּ ׳שָׁקַל לְ weigh out the silver to or for a person Jer 32:9; Gen 23:16 (P) Ezr 8:25, without לְ Jer 32:10, compare Exo 22:16 (E), 1Ki 20:39; כ ׳שׁקל ׳ב Isa 55:2 = spend money for; כ יִשָּׁקֵל ׳לֹא מְחִירָהּ Job 28:15; כ שׁלשׁים אֶתשְֿׂכָרִי ׳וַיִּשְׁקְלוּ Zec 11:12; ׳כ ישׁקלו בַּקָּנֶה Isa 46:6, of wighing material for idol; בכ ׳מָכַר sell for money Amo 2:6; Gen 37:28 (J), Deu 21:14; בכ ׳נָתַן Deu 2:28b 1Ki 21:6, 1Ki 21:15; Gen 23:9 (P), 1Ch 21:22; also, of food, ב ׳הִשְׁבִּיר Deu 2:28 a; כ ׳נתן השׂדה Gen 23:13 (P) pay the price of the field; בְכ ׳קָנָה buy something for money Amo 8:6; Jer 32:25, Jer 32:44; Isa 43:24; 1Ch 21:24, compare כ קִנְיַן נֶפֶשׁ ׳קָנָה Lev 22:11 (H); בכ ׳שׁבר Deu 2:6 a Isa 55:1; בכ ׳כרה Deu 2:6b; peculiar is its use with מָּדָה, redeem (q. v.) in Num 18:16; כ ׳לקח receive money 2Ki 5:26; 2Ki 12:8; 2Ki 12:9; כ ׳לָוָה Neh 5:4 borrow money; הִלְוָה Exo 22:24 (JE) lend money to (c. 2 accusative); כ ׳נתן בְּנֶשֶׁךְ give money on usury Lev 25:37 (H), Psa 15:5; compare כ נֶשֶׁךְ ׳לְאָחִיךָ תַשִּׁיךְ לֹא Deu 23:20.