כָּחַשׁ
kâchash · H3584 · Hebrew · 22 occurrences
Meanings
-
to become lean, to become gaunt
Process by which humans lose body volume as a result of sickness or fasting
ExamplesPsalm 109:24 My knees are weak from fasting, And my flesh has grown lean, without fatness.
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to lie, to deceive
Action by which humans say things that are not true in order to deceive or mislead others
ExamplesGenesis 18:15 Sarah denied it, however, saying, “I did not laugh”; for she was afraid. And He said, “No, but you did laugh.”
Leviticus 6:2 “When a person sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD, and disavows the rightful claim of his neighbor regarding a deposit or a security entrusted to him, or regarding robbery, or he has extorted from his neighbor,
Leviticus 6:3 or has found what was lost and lied about it and sworn falsely, so that he sins regarding any of the things that people do;
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to fail
Literally: to lie; hence: state in which plants fail to produce the fruits that they are expected to produce, which makes it look as if the plants had been lying
ExamplesHosea 9:2 Threshing floor and wine press will not feed them, And the new wine will fail them.
Habakkuk 3:17 Even if the fig tree does not blossom, And there is no fruit on the vines, If the yield of the olive fails, And the fields produce no food, Even if the flock disappears from the fold, And there are no cattle in the stalls,
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to feign submission
Action by which humans pretend to humble themselves and submit to other humans, as they realize that they are unable to stand up against them
ExamplesDeuteronomy 33:29 “Blessed are you, Israel; Who is like you, a people saved by the LORD, The shield of your help, And He who is the sword of your majesty! So your enemies will cringe before you, And you will trample on their high places.”
2 Samuel 22:45 “Foreigners pretend to obey me; As soon as they hear, they obey me.
Psalm 18:44 As soon as they hear, they obey me; Foreigners pretend to obey me.
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to be false, to break faith
Action by which humans act in a way that is not loyal to the deity that they have promised to serve
ExamplesJoshua 24:27 Then Joshua said to all the people, “Behold, this stone shall be a witness against us, because it has heard all the words of the LORD which He spoke to us; so it shall be a witness against you, so that you do not deny your God.”
Job 8:18 “If he is removed from his place, Then it will deny him, saying, ‘I never saw you.’
Job 31:28 That too would have been a guilty deed calling for judgment, For I would have denied God above.
How it’s used In 5 roles
Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.
the word studied the word it goes with
Who or what does itSubject
22 occurrences in 12 groups
- Not stated: he, she or it 4
- Not stated (infinitive) 3
- Other words · 10 groups that occur once or twice (15) 15
What it acts on, or what is saidObject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- רָאָהto see 1
With prepositionsPrepositional phrases
16 occurrences in 12 groups
- Other words · 12 groups that occur once or twice (17) 17
With adverbsAdverbs
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- לֹאnot 1
What it doesIt is the subject
1 occurrences in 1 groups
- פָּרַץto burst 1
When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.
MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Near synonyms 2 words
- נָכַל nâkal · H5230 · to deceive, to double-cross
- Both כָּחַשׁ (kâchash, H3584) and נכל (nâkal, H5230) denote deceptive action, overlapping in the sense of deception and deceit; either could stand for "to deceive" or "to deal falsely" in context.
- רָמָה râmâh · H7411 · to throw, to hurl, to cast
- כָּחַשׁ (kâchash, H3584) emphasizes denial and lying (explicit false statement); רָמָה (râmâh, H7411) emphasizes betrayal and cunning deception (beguiling action).
Semantic domains 5 entries
- Thin002001001064
- The verb's sense of "leanness" describes a thin, wasted condition, part of its broader range covering deceit and physical diminishment.
- False002001003007
- The verb is the common word for deceiving or dealing falsely, describing deceptive speech or denial throughout its occurrences.
- Fail002003003013
- The verb's glossed sense "fail" describes something coming to nothing or failing to hold true, an outcome of deceptive dealing.
- Insignificant002001002015
- The verb's sense of feigned submission, "submit selves," can describe a diminished, insignificant posture assumed before another out of deceit or necessity.
- Unfaithful002001002027
- The verb describes dealing falsely or dissembling, a breach of faithful conduct through deception.
Word family 3 words
Words formed from the same root. They share a form, not always a meaning.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3584. kachash כָּחַשׁ verb be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (Late Hebrew…
כָּחַשׁ verb be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (Late Hebrew כָּחַשׁ grow lean; Hiph`il convict of falsehood, refute; Aramaic כְּחַשׁ grow lean; כַּחְשָׁא leanness, כְּחִישׁוּתָא leanness, weakness; Aph`el as Late Hebrew Hiph`il) —
Qal. Perfect3masculine singular מִשָּׁ֑מֶן כָּחַשׁ וּבְשָׂרִי Psa 109:24 my flesh hath grown lean (away) from fatness (|| מִצּוֺם כָּֽשְׁלוּ בִּרְכַּי).
Niph`al Imperfect לָךְ אֹיְבֶיךָ וְיִכָּֽחֲשׂוּ Deu 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come cringing, i.e. originally act deceptively, feigning obedience) to thee (compare also Pi`el 3, Hithpa`el)
Pi`el Perfect3masculine singular כִּחֵשׁ 1Ki 13:18; Hab 3:17; וְכִּ֫חֶשׁ consecutive (before monosyll.) Leviticus 5:22; Job 8:18, etc.; Imperfect (בָּהּׅ יְכַ֫חֶשּׁ Hos 9:2-3;feminine singular וַתְּכַחֵשׂ Gen 18:15, etc.; Infinitive absolute כַּחֵשׁ Hos 4:2; Isa 59:13; construct Zec 13:4; —
1 device, absolute Gen 18:15 (J), Jos 7:11 (JE), Hos 4:2 (וכחשׁ אלה together = false swearing according to WeKl. Pr.; + וְנָאֹ֑ף וְגָנֹב וְרָצֹחַ), compare בַּעֲמִיתוֺ אִישׁ תְשַׁקְּרוּ וְלֹא תְכַחֲשׁוּ וְלֹאֿ תִגְנֹ֑בוּ לֹא Lev 19:11 (H); כ ׳לְמַעַן Zec 13:4 in order to deceive; followed by לְ person 1Ki 13:18; Job 31:28; followed by בְ person and of thing Leviticus 5:21, בְ of thing Lev 6:22.
2 act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not really do so), followed by בְ person Jos 24:27 (E), Jer 5:12; Isa 59:13; Job 8:18, apparently also יכ ׳וְתִירוֺשׁ בָּהּ Hos 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Israel; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her as its mistress, not yield itself to her); absolute Pro 30:9.
3 cringe = come cringing (make shew of obedience, see Niph`al) followed by בְ person Psa 18:45 (Hithpa`el in || 2Sa 22:45); followed by לְ person Psa 66:3; Psa 81:16.
4 disappoint, fail, absolute זַיִת מַעֲשֵׂה כִּחֵשׁ Hab 3:17 the product of the olive hath failed (in sense compare Hos 9:2 above)
Hithpa`el Imperfect לִי יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ 2Sa 22:45 shall come cringing to me (|| Psa 18:45. see above)
Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain
Topical studies with this word 5 entries
Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.
Sources
eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0
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