Word

יָתוֹם

yâthôwm · H3490 · Hebrew · 42 occurrences

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Meanings

fatherless

Person whose father has passed away and therefore unable to care for himself; regarded as one of the weaker members of the society and should therefore receive special care, together with the aliens, the widows, and other people who are poor

Examples
Deuteronomy 10:18 “He executes justice for the orphan and the widow, and shows His love for the stranger by giving him food and clothing.
Deuteronomy 14:29 “And the Levite, because he has no portion or inheritance among you, and the stranger, the orphan, and the widow who are in your town, shall come and eat and be satisfied, in order that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hand which you do.
Deuteronomy 16:11 and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God, you, your son and your daughter, and your male and female slaves, and the Levite who is in your town, and the stranger, the orphan, and the widow who are in your midst, at the place where the LORD your God chooses to establish His name.

How it’s used In 6 roles

Every occurrence, grouped by the words it is grammatically related to.

the word studied the word it goes with

Whose, or of whatGenitive or possessive

3 occurrences in 2 groups

הוּhis 2
ךָyour 1

Words describing itAdjectives, demonstratives, participles

3 occurrences in 2 groups

שַׁעַרgate 2
קֶרֶבmidst, among, inner parts 1

What it doesIt is the subject

4 occurrences in 3 groups

שָׂמַחto rejoice, to be glad 2
אָכַלto eat, to devour 1
רָחַםto have compassion, to have mercy 1

What is done to itIt is the object

16 occurrences in 12 groups

שָׁפַטto judge, to govern 4
Other words · 11 groups that occur once or twice (12) 12

After prepositionsPrepositional phrases

8 occurrences in 2 groups

לto/for 7
עַלon, upon, over, against 3

In phrases “… of it”It is the genitive

7 occurrences in 6 groups

מִשְׁפָּטjustice, judgment, ordinance 2
אָבfather 1
דִּיןcause, judgment, rights 1
זְרוֹעַarm, strength 1
חֲמוֹרdonkey 1
שָׂדֶהfield, countryside 1

When two words share a role, as in “Paul and Barnabas said”, the verse appears under each, so a section’s counts can add up to more than the number of occurrences.

MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

In the other Testament 1 word

ὀρφανός orphanós · G3737 · orphan, friendless person, helpless: Greek ὀρφανός is the direct lexical equivalent of Hebrew יָתוֹם, both denoting a child deprived of parental care (particularly fatherless in Hebrew usage, more broadly parentless in Greek usage).

Semantic domains 1 entry

Classes001001003001: The word names a class of vulnerable person, the fatherless child or orphan, a social category repeatedly named alongside the widow and stranger as deserving protection and care.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon H3490. yathom יָתוֺם noun [masculine] orphan (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יַתְמָא, ;…

H3490. yathom
יָתוֺם noun [masculine] orphan (Late Hebrew id.; Aramaic יַתְמָא, ; Phoenician יתם; Arabic pupil, orphan) — יָתוֺם Exo 22:21 Exo 22:29t.; plural יְתוֺמִים Exo 22:23 Exo 22:8t.; suffix יְתֹמֶיךָ Jer 49:11; יְתֹמָיו Isa 9:16; לִיתוֺמָיו Psa 109:12; — orphan, i.e. fatherless (|| אַלְמָנָה) Exo 22:23; Psa 109:9; Lam 5:3 (|| אָב אַין); Job 24:9; Psa 109:12; probably also Exo 22:21; Deu 10:18; Deu 14:29; Deu 16:11, Deu 16:14; Deu 24:17, Deu 24:19, Deu 24:20, Deu 24:21; Deu 26:12-13, Deu 27:19; Psa 94:6; Psa 146:9; Jer 7:6; Jer 22:3; Zec 7:10; Mal 3:5 (in all these, mentioned as helpless, exposed to injury, || אַלְמָנָה and גֵּר); similarly, || אַלְמָנָה Job 22:9; Job 24:3; Job 29:12; Job 31:17; Psa 68:6; Isa 1:17, Isa 1:23; Isa 9:16; Isa 10:2; Jer 49:11; Eze 22:7; without אלמנה Hos 14:4; Job 6:27; Job 31:21; Psa 10:14; Psa 10:18; Pro 23:10; Jer 5:28 (in no case clear that both parents are dead).

Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), public domain

Topical studies with this word 1 entry

Classes42 occurrences

Meanings adapted from the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament, © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0 and the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (from the Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew), © United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0; MACULA Greek Linguistic Datasets, available at https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-greek/, licensed CC BY 4.0; MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets © 2022-2024 by Biblica, Inc., CC BY 4.0. Westminster Leningrad Codex (tanach.us). OpenScriptures Hebrew Bible morphology (hb.openscriptures.org), CC BY 4.0.

Sources

eRhema lexical overview, based on the UBS Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew and the UBS Dictionary of the Greek New Testament (© United Bible Societies, CC BY-SA 4.0) and Macula Hebrew and Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0); released under CC BY-SA 4.0