יֵשׁ

H3426. yesh
יֵשׁ187 substantive being, substance, existence (on etymology see 2) — יֵשׁ Gen 18:24 etc.; יֶשֿׁ Gen 31:29 + often; הֲיֵשׁ Gen 24:23 Gen 24:18t. (so אִשׁ 2Sa 14:19 , הַאִשׁ Mic 6:10 ), with suffix יֶשְׁךָ Gen 24:42 Gen 24:2t.; יֶשְׁכֶם Gen 24:49 ; הֲיִשְׁכֶם Deu 13:4 ; יֶשְׁנוֺ (Ol§ 97 b Sta§ 370 b) Deu 29:14; 1Sa 14:39 (+ 1Sa 14:41 ᵐ5 We Dr), 1Sa 23:23; Est 3:8 ; —
1 substance, only Pro 8:21 יֵשׁ אֹהֲבַי לְהַנְחִיל to cause them that love me to inherit substance (so Sir 42:3).
2 elsewhere (properly as a substantive in the stative construct), it asserts existence, and so corresponds to the verb substantive, is (are, was, were, will be), literally the being, presence of... (so Biblical Aramaic אִתַי; Aramaic אית איתא,, [whence (self-) existent, essence, substance], with לָא contracted לֵית לַיִת,, ; Mandean לאיית עית, עת,; Arabic [with irregular ] (inflected as a verb, , , etc.; WAG i. § 182, ii. § 42) is not ( is known only in two proverbial sayings, as a secondary form FlKl. Schr. i. 146 f.); Assyrian išû, be, have DlHWB 310; with affix 1 singular la-a i-ša-a-ku, I have not, TPi. 57 f.. On this word, see especially NöM. § 213, who exemplifies its different constructions in Semitic, and shews how it tends to pass into a verb; — (1) in Biblical Aramaic, Syriac, Babylonian ᵑ7, with possessive suffix; (2) in later Palestinian dialects, Jerusalem ᵑ7, Jerusalem Talmud, sometimes also in Babylonian ᵑ7 and Syriac, with independent personal pronoun (as הוא לית אנא, לית); (3) in Mandean, Babylonian Talmud, sometimes in Syriac and Arabic, and in Hebrew יֶשְׁנוֺ, with object. (verbal) suffix; (4) in Arabic, as a true verb. In Ethiopic literally therein, German es gibt, is similar in use (DiGr. § 167, l), though not of course in origin. In Hebrew the corresponding negative is אַיִן, q. v., the construction of which is quite similar) — is, are, was, were, etc., not, however, as a mere copula, but implying existence with emphasis (hence in English to be often represented by the substantive verb in italics):
a. with a predicate following, Gen 28:16 י ישׁ ׳אכן הזה במקום surely Y. is (emphatic) in this place! Gen 44:26 אִתְּכֶם אָחִינוּ יֵשׁ אִם; Exo 17:7 אַיִן אִם בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ יהוה הֲיֵשׁ, Num 22:29 בידי חרב ישׁ לו Oh, that there were a sword in my hand! Deu 13:4 אֹהֲבִים הֲיִשְׁכֶם whether you do love, Deu 29:17 אישׁ בכם ישׁ פן, Deu 29:18; 1Sa 9:11f. and they said, Is the seer here? and they said יֵשׁ He is, 1Sa 20:8; 1Sa 23:23; Jer 27:18. Alone, in answer to a question (asked with יֵשׁ), He (it) is: 1Sa 9:12; 2Ki 10:15; Jer 37:17. But Jer 23:26 (where ישׁ has no substantive or suffix) text must be corrupt: compare Gie.
b. absolutely, there is (es. gibt, il y a), Gen 18:24 בעיר צדיקים חמשׁים ישׁ אולי perhaps there are fifty righteous in the city, Gen 24:23 ללון לנו מקום אביך בית הישׁ, Gen 42:1 ׳במצ שׁבר ישׁ כי that there was corn in Egypt, Jdg 4:20 אישׁ פה הישׁ, 2Sa 9:1; 2Ki 5:8 he shall know that there is (emphatic) a prophet in Israel, Rth 3:12 there is a kinsman nearer than I, Psalm 58:12 surely there are gods judging on the earth: so in aphorisms, asserting the existence of a particular character, quality, etc., Pro 11:24 עוד ונוסף מפזר ישׁ, Pro 12:18; Pro 13:7, Pro 13:23; Pro 14:12; Pro 16:25; Pro 18:24; Pro 20:15; Ecc 2:21; Ecc 4:8; Ecc 5:12; Ecc 6:1, Ecc 6:11; Ecc 7:15 (twice in verse); Ecc 8:14 (3 t. in verse); Ecc 10:5. In questions, or protestations, יֵשׁ often implies a doubt whether what is asked about is to be found or exists: 1Ki 18:10; Jer 5:1 and see אישׁ ישׁ אם if there is (emphatic) a man doing justice, etc. (compare Psa 14:2), Psalm 14:22; Isa 44:8 אלהים הישׁ is there a god beside me? Psa 7:4 בכפי עול ישׁ אם if there is iniquity in my hands! Psa 73:11 is there knowledge in the Most High? Job 5:1; Job 6:30; Lam 1:2.
c. special phrases: — (a) after אִם and a participle, where an abiding intention is to be emphasized, Gen 24:42 דרכי מצליח אםיֿשׁךנֿא if thou art (really), prospering my way, Gen 24:49; Gen 43:4; Jdg 6:36 (compare II. אין
2b). (b) לְ יֵשׁ = has (had), especially with pronouns לְךָ יֵשׁ לִי, יֵשׁ; etc., Gen 33:9 רָב יֶשׁלִֿי I have plenty, Gen 33:11; Gen 43:7 אח לכם הישׁ, Gen 44:20 זקן אב לנו ישׁ, 1Sa 17:40 that they may know לישׂראל אלהים ישׁ כי that Israel has (emphatic) a god, 2Ki 4:2 מַהיֶּֿשׁלָֿכְי what hast thou ? Job 14:7 for a tree has (emphatic) hope (compare Rth 1:12), Ruth 25:3; Ruth 28:1; Ruth 38:28 אב למטר ׃הישׁ Gen 39:5 (twice in verse); Gen 39:8, * F f יֶשׁלֿו אשׁר כל all that had (Gen 39:4 without אשׁר, probably error). (c) with infinitive and לְ, is it possible to... ? 2Ki 4:13; לדברלֿך הישׁ can-1speak for thee to the king? 2Ch 25:9; so לְ אִשׁ 2Sa 14:19 (compare לְ אֵין, below II. אַיִן
5). (d)... אֲשֶׁר יֵשׁ (if) it was that... Num 9:20-21, there were some who... (with participle) Neh 5:2-3, Neh 5:4 (compare Syriac for ὃ μὲν... ὃ δὲ ... Mat 13:8; PS172). (e) יָדִי יֶשׁלְֿאֵל Gen 31:29 and elsewhere; see II. אֵל
7, p. 43. (f) 2Ki 10:15 וָיֵשׁ and (if) it be... (compare וָלֹא 2Ki 5:17; 2Sa 13:26); so Jdg 6:13 י ׳וְיֵשׁ אִתָּנוּ. (g) pleonastic יֵשׁ אֵין Psa 135:17. (h) יֵשׁ לֹא Job 9:33 (compare , : but ᵑ6 ᵐ5 Me and others לֻא). — As a rule, יֵשׁ precedes its substantive (from which, however, like אין, it may be separated: Gen 24:23; Gen 43:7 אָח לָכֶם הֲיֵשׁ, Gen 44:19-20, 1Sa 20:8 etc.); but occasionally, for greater emphasis, this is prefixed: 1Sa 21:5 ישׁ קדשׁ לחם אם כי but holy bread there is! Isa 43:8 the blind people, ישׁ ועינים though it has eyes, Jdg 19:19 לי ישׁ ויין לחם (compare אַיִן 2c).